The Rhinolophus affinis bat ACE2 and multiple animal orthologs are functional receptors for bat coronavirus RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2.
The Rhinolophus affinis bat ACE2 and multiple animal orthologs are functional receptors for bat coronavirus RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.011
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发表时间:
2021-06-30
期刊:
影响因子:
18.9
通讯作者:
Qian Z
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li P;Guo R;Liu Y;Zhang Y;Hu J;Ou X;Mi D;Chen T;Mu Z;Han Y;Chen Z;Cui Z;Zhang L;Wang X;Wu Z;Wang J;Jin Q;Qian Z
Bat coronavirus (CoV) RaTG13 shares the highest genome sequence identity with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among all known coronaviruses, and also uses human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) for virus entry. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have originated from bat. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 emerged from bats directly or through an intermediate host remains elusive. Here, we found that Rhinolophus affinis bat ACE2 (RaACE2) is an entry receptor for both SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13, although the binding of RaACE2 to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is markedly weaker than that of hACE2. We further evaluated the receptor activities of ACE2s from additional 16 diverse animal species for RaTG13, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in terms of S protein binding, membrane fusion, and pseudovirus entry. We found that the RaTG13 spike (S) protein is significantly less fusogenic than SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and seven out of sixteen different ACE2s function as entry receptors for all three viruses, indicating that all three viruses might have broad host rages. Of note, RaTG13 S pseudovirions can use mouse, but not pangolin ACE2, for virus entry, whereas SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions can use pangolin, but not mouse, ACE2 enter cells efficiently. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that residues 484 and 498 in RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2 S proteins play critical roles in recognition of mouse and human ACE2s. Finally, two polymorphous Rhinolophous sinicus bat ACE2s showed different susceptibilities to virus entry by RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, suggesting possible coevolution. Our results offer better understanding of the mechanism of coronavirus entry, host range, and virus-host coevolution.
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