The Rhinolophus affinis bat ACE2 and multiple animal orthologs are functional receptors for bat coronavirus RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2.

The Rhinolophus affinis bat ACE2 and multiple animal orthologs are functional receptors for bat coronavirus RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.011
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发表时间:
2021-06-30
期刊:
影响因子:
18.9
通讯作者:
Qian Z
Qian Z
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li P;Guo R;Liu Y;Zhang Y;Hu J;Ou X;Mi D;Chen T;Mu Z;Han Y;Chen Z;Cui Z;Zhang L;Wang X;Wu Z;Wang J;Jin Q;Qian Z

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在所有已知的冠状病毒中,蝙蝠冠状病毒(CoV) RaTG13与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)具有最高的基因组序列同源性,并且病毒也使用人血管紧张素转换酶2 (hACE2)进入。因此,SARS-CoV-2被认为起源于蝙蝠。然而,SARS-CoV-2是直接从蝙蝠身上出现,还是通过中间宿主出现,仍然难以捉摸。在这里,我们发现亲和鼻蝠ACE2 (RaACE2)是SARS-CoV-2和RaTG13的一个进入受体,尽管RaACE2与SARS-CoV-2的受体结合域(RBD)的结合明显弱于hACE2。我们进一步从S蛋白结合、膜融合和假病毒进入方面评估了来自另外16种不同动物物种的ACE2s受体对RaTG13、SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2的活性。我们发现RaTG13刺突(S)蛋白的融合性明显低于SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2,并且16种不同的ACE2s中有7种可作为这三种病毒的进入受体,这表明这三种病毒可能具有广泛的宿主范围。值得注意的是,RaTG13 S假病毒粒子可以利用小鼠而不是穿山甲的ACE2进入细胞,而SARS-CoV-2 S假病毒粒子可以利用穿山甲而不是小鼠的ACE2有效进入细胞。突变分析显示,RaTG13和sars - cov - 2s蛋白的484和498残基在小鼠和人类ACE2s的识别中起关键作用。最后,两种多态鼻窦炎蝙蝠ACE2s对RaTG13和sars - cov - 2s假病毒粒子的进入表现出不同的敏感性,提示可能存在共同进化。我们的研究结果有助于更好地理解冠状病毒的进入机制、宿主范围和病毒-宿主共同进化。
Bat coronavirus (CoV) RaTG13 shares the highest genome sequence identity with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among all known coronaviruses, and also uses human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) for virus entry. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have originated from bat. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 emerged from bats directly or through an intermediate host remains elusive. Here, we found that Rhinolophus affinis bat ACE2 (RaACE2) is an entry receptor for both SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13, although the binding of RaACE2 to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is markedly weaker than that of hACE2. We further evaluated the receptor activities of ACE2s from additional 16 diverse animal species for RaTG13, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in terms of S protein binding, membrane fusion, and pseudovirus entry. We found that the RaTG13 spike (S) protein is significantly less fusogenic than SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and seven out of sixteen different ACE2s function as entry receptors for all three viruses, indicating that all three viruses might have broad host rages. Of note, RaTG13 S pseudovirions can use mouse, but not pangolin ACE2, for virus entry, whereas SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions can use pangolin, but not mouse, ACE2 enter cells efficiently. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that residues 484 and 498 in RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2 S proteins play critical roles in recognition of mouse and human ACE2s. Finally, two polymorphous Rhinolophous sinicus bat ACE2s showed different susceptibilities to virus entry by RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions, suggesting possible coevolution. Our results offer better understanding of the mechanism of coronavirus entry, host range, and virus-host coevolution.
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