Variations in photoreceptor throughput to mouse visual cortex and the unique effects on tuning.

Variations in photoreceptor throughput to mouse visual cortex and the unique effects on tuning.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-021-90650-4
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发表时间:
2021-06-07
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Nauhaus I
Nauhaus I
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rhim I;Coello-Reyes G;Nauhaus I

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初级视皮层(V1)的视觉输入依赖于视网膜中的高度自适应滤波。反过来,V1计算的隔离需要视网膜适应的实验控制来推断其时空色输出。在这里,我们测量输入到小鼠V1的平衡,在麻醉的设置,从三个主要的光感受器视蛋白-M-视蛋白,S-视蛋白和视紫红质-作为两个刺激维度的函数。第一个维度是中间视觉范围内的光适应水平,其控制着向皮层的杆和锥输入的平衡。第二个刺激维度是视网膜位置,其由于视网膜中的视蛋白表达梯度而控制S-和M-视锥视蛋白输入的平衡。拟合模型预测视蛋白输入任意照明环境下,这提供了一个急需的处理在体内研究的小鼠视觉系统。我们在这里使用它来揭示V1在普通实验室环境中是杆介导的,而在自然日光下是锥介导的。接下来,我们比较视杆细胞和视锥细胞介导的输入下V1的功能特性。结果表明,视锥介导的V1响应的时间频率比视杆介导的V1高2.5倍。此外,视锥介导的V1具有较小的感受野,但类似的空间频率调谐。视杆细胞缺陷(Gnat 1 −/−)小鼠的V1反应证实了这种效应是由于感光细胞视蛋白贡献的差异。
Visual input to primary visual cortex (V1) depends on highly adaptive filtering in the retina. In turn, isolation of V1 computations requires experimental control of retinal adaptation to infer its spatio-temporal-chromatic output. Here, we measure the balance of input to mouse V1, in the anesthetized setup, from the three main photoreceptor opsins—M-opsin, S-opsin, and rhodopsin—as a function of two stimulus dimensions. The first dimension is the level of light adaptation within the mesopic range, which governs the balance of rod and cone inputs to cortex. The second stimulus dimension is retinotopic position, which governs the balance of S- and M-cone opsin input due to the opsin expression gradient in the retina. The fitted model predicts opsin input under arbitrary lighting environments, which provides a much-needed handle on in-vivo studies of the mouse visual system. We use it here to reveal that V1 is rod-mediated in common laboratory settings yet cone-mediated in natural daylight. Next, we compare functional properties of V1 under rod and cone-mediated inputs. The results show that cone-mediated V1 responds to 2.5-fold higher temporal frequencies than rod-mediated V1. Furthermore, cone-mediated V1 has smaller receptive fields, yet similar spatial frequency tuning. V1 responses in rod-deficient (Gnat1−/−) mice confirm that the effects are due to differences in photoreceptor opsin contribution.
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