The evolutionary pattern and the regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes.
The evolutionary pattern and the regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes.
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硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶基因的进化模式和调控
DOI：
10.1155/2013/856521
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liang B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu X;Zou X;Chang Q;Zhang Y;Li Y;Zhang L;Huang J;Liang B
硬脂酰辅酶A脱饱和酶(SCD)是脂肪生物合成过程中将饱和脂肪酸(SFAs)转化为单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFAs)的关键酶。到目前为止，已发现SCD基因的两种亚型(SCD1和SCD5)广泛存在于大多数脊椎动物中。然而，SCD5的异构体和功能的进化模式还很难理解。在此，我们旨在刻画SCD基因的进化模式，并进一步预测SCD基因的功能分化。SCD基因序列在真核生物中高度保守。系统发育分析发现，在脊椎动物进化早期，SCD基因有两个重复。相对速率比检验、分支特异性dN/ds比检验和分支部位dN/ds比检验都表明SCD基因的进化速度相似。SCD基因在真核生物中的进化经历了严格的纯化选择，但SCD1和SCD5中的几个位点经历了宽松的选择压力。SCD基因5‘端非编码区转录因子和3’端非编码区miRNAs的可变结合位点提示，SCD5的调控因子可能不同于SCD1。这项研究促进了我们对真核生物中SCD基因的进化模式和功能的理解。
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a key enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the biosynthesis of fat. To date, two isoforms of scd gene (scd1 and scd5) have been found widely existent in most of the vertebrate animals. However, the evolutionary patterns of both isofoms and the function of scd5 are poorly understandable. Herein, we aim to characterize the evolutionary pattern of scd genes and further predict the function differentiation of scd genes. The sequences of scd genes were highly conserved among eukaryote. Phylogenetic analysis identified two duplications of scd gene early in vertebrate evolution. The relative rate ratio test, branch-specific dN/dS ratio tests, and branch-site dN/dS ratio tests all suggested that the scd genes were evolved at a similar rate. The evolution of scd genes among eukaryote was under strictly purifying selection though several sites in scd1 and scd5 were undergone a relaxed selection pressure. The variable binding sites by transcriptional factors at the 5′-UTR and by miRNAs at 3′-UTR of scd genes suggested that the regulators of scd5 may be different from that of scd1. This study promotes our understanding of the evolutionary patterns and function of SCD genes in eukaryote.
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