Activating event knowledge.
Activating event knowledge.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2009.01.009
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发表时间：
2009-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
McRae K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hare M;Jones M;Thomson C;Kelly S;McRae K
越来越多的句子和语篇处理结果表明，理解依赖于丰富的语用知识，对现实世界的事件，和传入的话递增激活这些知识。如果是这样的话，那么即使在任何更大的语境之外，名词也应该激活关于它们所指或通常在其中发挥作用的广义事件的知识。本研究采用短刺激起始的事件启动实验来证明：（1）事件名词启动人们（sale-shopper）和对象（trip-luggage）通常出现在那些活动中;（2）地点名词引导人/动物（医院-医生）和对象（谷仓干草）通常在这些地点发现;（3）工具名词引导那些工具通常用于的事物（钥匙门），但不引导倾向于使用它们的人的类型（水管园丁）。启动效应不是由规范性词汇联想引起的。在我们的帐户，促进结果从事件知识有关的启动和目标。这与LSA或BEAGLE等计算模型有很多共同之处，其中一个词如果经常出现在类似的上下文中，则会引发另一个词。LSA预测启动所有六个实验，而BEAGLE正确地预测，启动不应该发生的仪器，人的关系，但应该发生的其他五个。我们的结论是，基于事件的关系编码在语义记忆和计算的一部分，单词的含义，并有很强的影响语言理解。
An increasing number of results in sentence and discourse processing demonstrate that comprehension relies on rich pragmatic knowledge about real-world events, and that incoming words incrementally activate such knowledge. If so, then even outside of any larger context, nouns should activate knowledge of the generalized events that they denote or typically play a role in. We used short stimulus onset asynchrony priming to demonstrate that (1) event nouns prime people (sale-shopper) and objects (trip-luggage) commonly found at those events; (2) location nouns prime people/animals (hospital-doctor) and objects (barn-hay) commonly found at those locations; and (3) instrument nouns prime things on which those instruments are commonly used (key-door), but not the types of people who tend to use them (hose-gardener). The priming effects are not due to normative word association. On our account, facilitation results from event knowledge relating primes and targets. This has much in common with computational models like LSA or BEAGLE in which one word primes another if they frequently occur in similar contexts. LSA predicts priming for all six experiments, whereas BEAGLE correctly predicted that priming should not occur for the instrument-people relation but should occur for the other five. We conclude that event-based relations are encoded in semantic memory and computed as part of word meaning, and have a strong influence on language comprehension.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
HESS, DJ;FOSS, DJ;CARROLL, P
通讯作者：
CARROLL, P
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Altmann, GTM;Kamide, Y
通讯作者：
Kamide, Y
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
FISCHLER, I
通讯作者：
FISCHLER, I
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Kako, Edward
通讯作者：
Kako, Edward
DOI：
10.3758/bf03204507
发表时间：
1993-05-01
期刊：
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS INSTRUMENTS & COMPUTERS
影响因子：
--
作者：
COHEN, J;MACWHINNEY, B;PROVOST, J
通讯作者：
PROVOST, J