A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence and Human Doctors for the Purpose of Triage and Diagnosis.
A Comparison of Artificial Intelligence and Human Doctors for the Purpose of Triage and Diagnosis.
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人工智能与人类医生在分类诊断方面的比较。
DOI：
10.3389/frai.2020.543405
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Johri S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker A;Perov Y;Middleton K;Baxter J;Mullarkey D;Sangar D;Butt M;DoRosario A;Johri S
人工智能虚拟助手通过使患者能够自我评估他们的症状并在适当的时候寻求进一步的治疗，具有显著的潜力来缓解不堪重负的医疗系统的压力。为了让这些系统对全球医疗保健做出有意义的贡献，它们必须得到患者和医疗保健专业人员的信任，并服务于不同地区和人口部分的患者的需求。我们开发了一个人工智能虚拟助手，为患者提供分诊和诊断信息。至关重要的是，该系统建立在一个生成性模型的基础上，该模型允许相对直接的重新参数化，以反映不同区域和人口部分的当地疾病和风险因素负担。这是一个有吸引力的特性，特别是在考虑到人工智能系统在许多地区以及发展中国家和发达国家改善全球范围内医疗保健提供的潜力时。我们对人工智能系统和人类医生的准确性和安全性进行了前瞻性验证研究。重要的是，我们针对相同的临床病例独立评估了人工智能和人类医生的准确性和安全性，并与以前的研究不同，也考虑了两种代理的信息收集过程。总体而言，我们发现，人工智能系统能够为患者提供分诊和诊断信息，其临床准确性和安全性可与人类医生媲美。通过这种方法和研究，我们希望通过直接将人工智能系统的性能与人类医生进行比较来开始建立对它们的信任，人类医生在患者症状的原因或最合适的分诊建议上并不总是彼此一致。
AI virtual assistants have significant potential to alleviate the pressure on overly burdened healthcare systems by enabling patients to self-assess their symptoms and to seek further care when appropriate. For these systems to make a meaningful contribution to healthcare globally, they must be trusted by patients and healthcare professionals alike, and service the needs of patients in diverse regions and segments of the population. We developed an AI virtual assistant which provides patients with triage and diagnostic information. Crucially, the system is based on a generative model, which allows for relatively straightforward re-parameterization to reflect local disease and risk factor burden in diverse regions and population segments. This is an appealing property, particularly when considering the potential of AI systems to improve the provision of healthcare on a global scale in many regions and for both developing and developed countries. We performed a prospective validation study of the accuracy and safety of the AI system and human doctors. Importantly, we assessed the accuracy and safety of both the AI and human doctors independently against identical clinical cases and, unlike previous studies, also accounted for the information gathering process of both agents. Overall, we found that the AI system is able to provide patients with triage and diagnostic information with a level of clinical accuracy and safety comparable to that of human doctors. Through this approach and study, we hope to start building trust in AI-powered systems by directly comparing their performance to human doctors, who do not always agree with each other on the cause of patients’ symptoms or the most appropriate triage recommendation.
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