Factorial comparison of working memory models.

Factorial comparison of working memory models.
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DOI:
10.1037/a0035234
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发表时间:
2014-01
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Ma WJ
Ma WJ
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
van den Berg R;Awh E;Ma WJ

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在视觉工作记忆限制的研究中,有三个问题一直很突出:(a)记忆精确性的本质是什么(例如,连续或连续)。(b)记住了多少个项目?(c)空间绑定错误在多大程度上导致了工作记忆的缺失?建模研究通常侧重于比较这些问题中的一个问题的可能答案,即使这种比较的结果可能取决于其他两个问题的假设答案。在这里,我们考虑了以前提出的各个问题的答案的每一种可能的组合。每个模型是一个包含32个模型的3因子模型空间中的一个点,其中只有6个模型以前被测试过。我们比较了来自6个实验室的10个延迟估计实验(共164名受试者和131,452项试验)的数据的所有模型。在实验中,我们发现:(a)记忆精确度不是量化的,而是连续的,不相等的,但在项目和试验中是可变的;(B)记住的项目数量可能在试验中是可变的,在最佳模型中平均值为6.4(受试者的中位数);(c)空间结合错误发生,但仅解释了一小部分响应(最佳模型中集大小为8时为16.5%)。我们发现了对所有6个记录模型的强有力证据。我们的研究结果证明了析因模型比较在工作记忆中的价值。
Three questions have been prominent in the study of visual working memory limitations: (a) What is the nature of mnemonic precision (e.g., quantized or continuous)? (b) How many items are remembered? (c) To what extent do spatial binding errors account for working memory failures? Modeling studies have typically focused on comparing possible answers to a single one of these questions, even though the result of such a comparison might depend on the assumed answers to both others. Here, we consider every possible combination of previously proposed answers to the individual questions. Each model is then a point in a 3-factor model space containing a total of 32 models, of which only 6 have been tested previously. We compare all models on data from 10 delayed-estimation experiments from 6 laboratories (for a total of 164 subjects and 131,452 trials). Consistently across experiments, we find that (a) mnemonic precision is not quantized but continuous and not equal but variable across items and trials; (b) the number of remembered items is likely to be variable across trials, with a mean of 6.4 in the best model (median across subjects); (c) spatial binding errors occur but explain only a small fraction of responses (16.5% at set size 8 in the best model). We find strong evidence against all 6 documented models. Our results demonstrate the value of factorial model comparison in working memory.
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