Difference-in-Difference in the Time of Cholera: a Gentle Introduction for Epidemiologists.

Difference-in-Difference in the Time of Cholera: a Gentle Introduction for Epidemiologists.
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霍乱时期的差异之差:流行病学家的温和介绍。

DOI:
10.1007/s40471-020-00245-2
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发表时间:
2020-12
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Murray EJ
Murray EJ
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Caniglia EC;Murray EJ

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本文的目的是为流行病学家介绍差异法背后的直觉。我们将重点放在这个工具的理论方面,包括差异差异适用的问题类型,以及什么假设必须满足才能使结果具有因果解释。虽然目前在流行病学研究中未得到充分利用,但差异法是检查人群水平暴露的影响的有用工具,但依赖于强有力的假设。我们以约翰·斯诺对伦敦霍乱死亡原因的调查为例,来说明差异法和相应的假设。我们的结论是,这种方法值得流行病学家重新审视,他们有兴趣提出关于人口水平暴露变化对经历这种变化的人群的人口水平结果的影响的因果问题。
The goal of this article is to provide an introduction to the intuition behind the difference-in-difference method for epidemiologists. We focus on the theoretical aspects of this tool, including the types of questions for which difference-in-difference is appropriate, and what assumptions must hold for the results to be causally interpretable. While currently under-utilized in epidemiologic research, the difference-in-difference method is a useful tool to examine effects of population-level exposures, but relies on strong assumptions. We use the famous example of John Snow’s investigation of the cause of cholera mortality in London to illustrate the difference-in-difference approach and corresponding assumptions. We conclude by arguing that this method deserves a second-look from epidemiologists interested in asking causal questions about the impact of a population-level exposure change on a population-level outcome for the group that experienced the change.
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影响因子: 5
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