The interplay of spatial attentional biases and mental codes in VSTM: Developmentally informed hypotheses.
The interplay of spatial attentional biases and mental codes in VSTM: Developmentally informed hypotheses.
复制标题
VSTM 中空间注意力偏差和心理密码的相互作用：发育知情假设。
作者：
Andria Shimi;G. Scerif
哪些认知过程会影响我们在视觉短时记忆(VSTM)中保持信息的能力？我们使用一种了解发展的设计来深入研究自上而下的空间偏差与内部记忆代码的性质之间的相互作用，动机是这两个因素在童年时期发生的有记录的变化。7岁、11岁的儿童和成年人完成了一项VSTM任务，在这项任务中，他们决定之前的记忆阵列中是否存在探测项目。在维护过程中，空间线索引导参与者注意要探测的物品的可能位置。我们操纵了备忘录，要么包含非常熟悉的项目，要么包含不熟悉的抽象形状。所有参与者都在维护过程中从线索中受益，尽管7岁儿童的好处比年龄较大的参与者小。关键的是，注意力益处与备忘录的性质相互作用：提示熟悉的项目获得了更好的VSTM维护。此外，对熟悉项目的注意力优势与有效的视觉测量有关，而与语言、短期和工作记忆广度无关。这些数据表明，除了自上而下的偏见在维护过程中的效率之外，可用于记忆项目的心理代码还影响VSTM，并对儿童产生不同的影响。维护过程中的注意偏差似乎更有效地作用于更健壮、更容易提取的心理表征。更重要的是，这种互动遵循的是数量发展。这些发现进一步阐明了注意控制和VSTM在整个发育过程中的动态相互作用。
What cognitive processes influence how well we maintain information in visual short-term memory (VSTM)? We used a developmentally informed design to delve into the interplay of top-down spatial biases with the nature of the internal memory codes, motivated by documented changes for both factors over childhood. Seven-year-olds, 11-year-olds, and adults completed a VSTM task in which they decided whether a probe item had been present in a preceding memory array. Spatial cues guided participants' attention to the likely location of the to-be-probed item during maintenance. We manipulated the memoranda to contain either highly familiar items or unfamiliar abstract shapes. All participants benefited from cues during maintenance, although benefits were smaller for 7-year-olds than for older participants. Critically, attentional benefits interacted with the nature of the memoranda: Better VSTM maintenance was obtained for cued familiar items. Furthermore, attentional benefits for familiar items correlated with validated measures of visual, but not verbal, short-term and working memory span. These data demonstrate that, in addition to the efficiency with which top-down biases operate during maintenance, the available mental codes for to-be-remembered items influence VSTM and differentially so over childhood. Attentional biases during maintenance seem to operate more efficiently on mental representations that are more robust and can be retrieved more easily. More important, this interaction follows a quantitative development. The findings elucidate further the dynamic interplay between attentional control and VSTM across development.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0020356
发表时间：
2010-11
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Ricker, Timothy J.;Cowan, Nelson
通讯作者：
Cowan, Nelson
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cowan N;Morey CC;AuBuchon AM;Zwilling CE;Gilchrist AL
通讯作者：
Gilchrist AL
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Woodman, Geoffrey F.;Luck, Steven J.;Schall, Jeffrey D.
通讯作者：
Schall, Jeffrey D.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Cycowicz, YM;Friedman, D;Snodgrass, JG
通讯作者：
Snodgrass, JG
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.34.2.369
发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Makovski, Tal;Sussman, Rachel;Jiang, Yuhong V.
通讯作者：
Jiang, Yuhong V.