Seven-year-olds allocate attention like adults unless working memory is overloaded.
Seven-year-olds allocate attention like adults unless working memory is overloaded.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00864.x
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gilchrist AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cowan N;Morey CC;AuBuchon AM;Zwilling CE;Gilchrist AL
以往的研究表明，视觉工作记忆的表现随着年龄的增长而增加，但不清楚为什么。一个主要的假设是，年龄较小的儿童在注意力方面效率较低，特别是不太能够从工作记忆中排除不相关的项目，为相关项目腾出空间。我们通过测量连续5个注意条件下的视觉工作记忆容量来检验这一假设。一个承认的优势被发现的项目出席，而不是忽略。这种注意力相关效应的大小在具有小阵列的幼儿中与成人相似，这表明他们的注意力过程是有效的，即使他们的工作记忆容量小于年龄较大的儿童和成人。随着工作记忆负荷的增加，幼儿的这种效率会受到影响。注意力的效率不能成为能力差异的唯一解释。
Previous studies indicate that visual working memory performance increases with age in childhood but it is not clear why. One main hypothesis has been that younger children are less efficient in their attention, specifically less able to exclude irrelevant items from working memory to make room for relevant items. We examined this hypothesis by measuring visual working memory capacity under a continuum of 5 attention conditions. A recognition advantage was found for items to be attended as opposed to ignored. The size of this attention-related effect was adult-like in young children with small arrays, suggesting that their attention processes are efficient even though their working memory capacity is smaller than that of older children and adults. With a larger working memory load, this efficiency in young children is compromised. The efficiency of attention cannot be the sole explanation for the capacity difference.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cowan, Nelson;Fristoe, Nathanael M.;Saults, J. Sco
通讯作者：
Saults, J. Sco
DOI：
10.1097/00004583-200502000-00010
发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Klingberg, T;Fernell, E;Westerberg, H
通讯作者：
Westerberg, H
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Kane, Michael J.;Brown, Leslie H.;Kwapil, Thomas R.
通讯作者：
Kwapil, Thomas R.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Morey, CC;Cowan, N
通讯作者：
Cowan, N
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Gavens, N;Barrouillet, P
通讯作者：
Barrouillet, P