Continuous and Discontinuous RNA Synthesis in Coronaviruses.
Continuous and Discontinuous RNA Synthesis in Coronaviruses.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-virology-100114-055218
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Enjuanes L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sola I;Almazán F;Zúñiga S;Enjuanes L
冠状病毒基因组的复制需要连续的RNA合成，而转录在RNA病毒中是一个独特的不连续过程。转录包括在亚基因组负链RNA合成过程中的模板转换，以添加一段引导序列的拷贝。冠状病毒转录受多种因素调控，包括正负极性转录调控序列之间的碱基配对程度、病毒和细胞的蛋白质 - RNA结合以及高阶RNA - RNA相互作用。冠状病毒RNA合成由一个复制 - 转录复合物完成，该复合物包含能识别主要位于高度结构化的5′和3′非翻译区的顺式作用RNA元件的病毒和细胞蛋白质。除了许多病毒非结构蛋白外，细胞核蛋白和病毒核衣壳蛋白的存在提高了病毒的扩增效率。冠状病毒RNA合成与双膜囊泡和卷曲膜的形成有关。冠状病毒编码校对机制，这在RNA病毒界是独一无二的，以确保其较大基因组大小的维持。
Replication of the coronavirus genome requires continuous RNA synthesis, whereas transcription is a discontinuous process unique among RNA viruses. Transcription includes a template switch during the synthesis of subgenomic negative-strand RNAs to add a copy of the leader sequence. Coronavirus transcription is regulated by multiple factors, including the extent of base-pairing between transcription-regulating sequences of positive and negative polarity, viral and cell protein–RNA binding, and high-order RNA-RNA interactions. Coronavirus RNA synthesis is performed by a replication-transcription complex that includes viral and cell proteins that recognize cis-acting RNA elements mainly located in the highly structured 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions. In addition to many viral nonstructural proteins, the presence of cell nuclear proteins and the viral nucleocapsid protein increases virus amplification efficacy. Coronavirus RNA synthesis is connected with the formation of double-membrane vesicles and convoluted membranes. Coronaviruses encode proofreading machinery, unique in the RNA virus world, to ensure the maintenance of their large genome size.
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