Selection on wing allometry in Drosophila melanogaster.
Selection on wing allometry in Drosophila melanogaster.
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果蝇翅膀异速生长的选择。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/126.4.975
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Weber,KE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weber,KE
在果蝇中测量了黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）翅膀尺寸的五个二元分布，这些果蝇1）在发育过程中受到四种定义的环境制度，2）直接从美国七个州的自然界中采集，3）在十个种群中选择翅膀形状的变化，以及4）从21个长近交野生型品系中取样。在发展过程中的环境压力改变了翅膀的大小和翅膀尺寸的比例，但无论治疗所有的翅膀尺寸下降到一个共同的异速生长基线在每个双变量分布。从七个相距甚远的地方捕获的苍蝇，以及它们在实验室饲养的后代的翅膀，也沿着相同的基线落下。然而，当苍蝇被选择偏离这些发展基线的横向偏移，选择的反应是迅速的，在每一种情况下。在20%的选择下仅经过15代后，相反选择的品系之间的偏移的平均分歧为基础群体偏移的14.68 SD。测量21 isofemale线，发现从野生捕获的苍蝇，并保持在小群体中至少22年，表现出大幅度减少行内偏移的表型方差，但行之间的方差大幅增加。收集地点内的同雌系的平均值的方差是新建立的野生系的地点之间的平均值的方差的10倍。这些观察结果表明，许多加性遗传方差存在的个别尺寸内的翅膀，这样的双变量的发展模式可以改变在任何方向的选择或漂移。在自然界中，翅膀形态的异速生长基线的相对不变性最容易解释为围绕功能设计的局部最优的连续自然选择的结果。
Five bivariate distributions of wing dimensions of Drosophila melanogaster were measured, in flies 1) subjected to four defined environmental regimes during development, 2) taken directly from nature in seven U.S. states, 3) selected in ten populations for change in wing form, and 4) sampled from 21 long inbred wild-type lines. Environmental stresses during development altered both wing size and the ratios of wing dimensions, but regardless of treatment all wing dimensions fell near a common allometric baseline in each bivariate distribution. The wings of wild-caught flies from seven widely separated localities, and of their laboratory-reared offspring, also fell along the same baselines. However, when flies were selected divergently for lateral offset from these developmental baselines, response to selection was rapid in every case. The mean divergence in offset between oppositely selected lines was 14.68 SD of the base population offset, after only 15 generations of selection at 20%. Measurements of 21 isofemale lines, founded from wild-caught flies and maintained in small populations for at least 22 years, showed large reductions in phenotypic variance of offsets within lines, but a large increase in the variance among lines. The variance of means of isofemale lines within collection localities was ten times the variance of means among localities of newly established wild lines. These observations show that much additive genetic variance exists for individual dimensions within the wing, such that bivariate developmental patterns can be changed in any direction by selection or by drift. The relative invariance of the allometric baselines of wing morphology in nature is most easily explained as the result of continuous natural selection around a local optimum of functional design.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
COHAN, FM;GRAF, JD
通讯作者：
GRAF, JD
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
LANDE, R
通讯作者：
LANDE, R
拓扑生物学：分子胚胎学导论
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Edelman
通讯作者：
G. Edelman
停滞和标点符号的遗传学。
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
J. M. Smith
通讯作者：
J. M. Smith
美国家蝇 (Musca domestica L.) 的形态适应
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
E. H. Bryant
通讯作者：
E. H. Bryant