Dolphins can maintain vigilant behavior through echolocation for 15 days without interruption or cognitive impairment.
Dolphins can maintain vigilant behavior through echolocation for 15 days without interruption or cognitive impairment.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0047478
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ridgway SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Branstetter BK;Finneran JJ;Fletcher EA;Weisman BC;Ridgway SH
在海豚中，自然选择已经发展出单半球睡眠，大脑的两个半球交替保持清醒。这使得海豚能够保持意识，以响应海洋的呼吸需求。单半球睡眠也可以让海豚长时间保持警惕状态。由于海洋中的能见度相对较低，海豚使用回声定位来询问它们的环境。在回声定位过程中，海豚会发出咔哒声，并听取返回的回声，以确定物体的位置和身份。至于个别海豚能在多大程度上透过这种主动的感觉来保持持续的警觉性，则不得而知。在这里，我们表明，海豚可以连续回声定位，并准确地报告存在的目标，至少15天没有中断。在总共三次会议期间，每次持续五天，两只海豚保持回声定位行为，同时成功地发现和报告目标。一只海豚的整体表现正确率在75%到86%之间，第二只海豚的正确率在97%到99%之间。这两种动物表现出昼夜模式的回声定位行为。一个为期15天的测试会议与海豚导致接近完美的性能没有显着递减随着时间的推移。我们的研究结果表明，海豚可以持续监测他们的环境，并通过回声定位保持长期的警惕行为。
In dolphins, natural selection has developed unihemispheric sleep where alternating hemispheres of their brain stay awake. This allows dolphins to maintain consciousness in response to respiratory demands of the ocean. Unihemispheric sleep may also allow dolphins to maintain vigilant states over long periods of time. Because of the relatively poor visibility in the ocean, dolphins use echolocation to interrogate their environment. During echolocation, dolphin produce clicks and listen to returning echoes to determine the location and identity of objects. The extent to which individual dolphins are able to maintain continuous vigilance through this active sense is unknown. Here we show that dolphins may continuously echolocate and accurately report the presence of targets for at least 15 days without interruption. During a total of three sessions, each lasting five days, two dolphins maintained echolocation behaviors while successfully detecting and reporting targets. Overall performance was between 75 to 86% correct for one dolphin and 97 to 99% correct for a second dolphin. Both animals demonstrated diel patterns in echolocation behavior. A 15-day testing session with one dolphin resulted in near perfect performance with no significant decrement over time. Our results demonstrate that dolphins can continuously monitor their environment and maintain long-term vigilant behavior through echolocation.
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