Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal Telencephalon.

Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal Telencephalon.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnmol.2017.00373
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Lim DA
Lim DA
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Delgado RN;Lim DA

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从胚胎发育到出生后,不同区域的神经祖细胞(npc)群体共同产生了许多不同类型的神经元,这些神经元构成了成年哺乳动物大脑复杂结构和功能的基础。在远脑发育的早期阶段,npc被组织成不同的区域,每个区域产生不同的神经元子集。NPCs的这种位置同一性与特定的、决定命运的同源结构域转录因子的区域表达有关。随着发育的进行,大脑在大小和形状上都经历了巨大的变化,但NPC位置身份的重要方面甚至在出生后的大脑中仍然存在。NPC的位置认同是在大脑发育的早期就建立起来的,它如何能够承受在相对较长时间内发生的许多动态、大规模和复杂的变化?在这篇透视文章中,我们回顾了在果蝇中关于同源盒(Hox)基因、Polycomb组(PcG)和trithorax组(trxG)染色质调控因子功能的研究数据和概念。然后,我们讨论了这些知识如何有助于我们理解哺乳动物端脑中npc的位置身份的维持。与果蝇幼虫的轴向体平面相似,NPC的位置认同具有节段性,特定同源结构域转录因子的缺失会导致大脑发育中的同向异质样变化。最后,我们推测哺乳动物PcG和trxG因子在鼻咽癌位置识别和某些神经发育障碍的长期维持中的作用。
Throughout embryonic development and into postnatal life, regionally distinct populations of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) collectively generate the many different types of neurons that underlie the complex structure and function of the adult mammalian brain. At very early stages of telencephalic development, NPCs become organized into regional domains that each produce different subsets of neurons. This positional identity of NPCs relates to the regional expression of specific, fate-determining homeodomain transcription factors. As development progresses, the brain undergoes vast changes in both size and shape, yet important aspects of NPC positional identity persist even into the postnatal brain. How can NPC positional identity, which is established so early in brain development, endure the many dynamic, large-scale and complex changes that occur over a relatively long period of time? In this Perspective article, we review data and concepts derived from studies in Drosophila regarding the function of homeobox (Hox) genes, Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) chromatin regulators. We then discuss how this knowledge may contribute to our understanding of the maintenance of positional identity of NPCs in the mammalian telencephalon. Similar to the axial body plan of Drosophila larvae, there is a segmental nature to NPC positional identity, with loss of specific homeodomain transcription factors causing homeotic-like shifts in brain development. Finally, we speculate about the role of mammalian PcG and trxG factors in the long-term maintenance of NPC positional identity and certain neurodevelopmental disorders.
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