Post-error adjustments.
Post-error adjustments.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00233
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Ullsperger M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Danielmeier C;Ullsperger M
当我们的大脑检测到错误时，这个过程会改变我们在随后的试验中的反应。人们表现出错误后的适应能力，可能在不久的将来提高他们的表现。至少有三种类型的行为错误后的调整已被观察到。这些是误差后减慢（PES）、误差后干扰减少和误差后精度改进（PIA）。除了这些行为上的变化，错误后的适应也被观察到在神经元水平上的功能性磁共振成像和脑电图。神经元错误后适应包括任务相关脑区的活动增加、干扰物编码脑区的活动减少、运动系统的活动调制和中额叶theta功率增加。在这里，我们回顾了目前的文献，这些误差后调整，讨论在何种情况下可以观察到这些调整，以及不同类型的调整是否相互关联。我们还评估了不同的方法来解释PES的功能作用。此外，我们报告了来自侧翼任务和移动点干扰任务的再分析和随访数据，这些数据表明：（1）PES和PIA不一定相关，（2）PES取决于反应-刺激间隔，（3）PES在长达几个月的时间内在受试者内水平上是可靠的。
When our brain detects an error, this process changes how we react on ensuing trials. People show post-error adaptations, potentially to improve their performance in the near future. At least three types of behavioral post-error adjustments have been observed. These are post-error slowing (PES), post-error reduction of interference, and post-error improvement in accuracy (PIA). Apart from these behavioral changes, post-error adaptations have also been observed on a neuronal level with functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. Neuronal post-error adaptations comprise activity increase in task-relevant brain areas, activity decrease in distracter-encoding brain areas, activity modulations in the motor system, and mid-frontal theta power increases. Here, we review the current literature with respect to these post-error adjustments, discuss under which circumstances these adjustments can be observed, and whether the different types of adjustments are linked to each other. We also evaluate different approaches for explaining the functional role of PES. In addition, we report reanalyzed and follow-up data from a flanker task and a moving dots interference task showing (1) that PES and PIA are not necessarily correlated, (2) that PES depends on the response–stimulus interval, and (3) that PES is reliable on a within-subject level over periods as long as several months.
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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