A mechanism for red coloration in vertebrates.

A mechanism for red coloration in vertebrates.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.013
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发表时间:
2022-10-10
期刊:
影响因子:
9.2
通讯作者:
Corbo, Joseph C.
Corbo, Joseph C.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Toomey, Matthew B.;Marques, Cristiana, I;Araujo, Pedro M.;Huang, Delai;Zhong, Siqiong;Liu, Yu;Schreiner, Gretchen D.;Myers, Connie A.;Pereira, Paulo;Afonso, Sandra;Andrade, Pedro;Gazda, Malgorzata A.;Lopes, Ricardo J.;Viegas, Ivan;Koch, Rebecca E.;Haynes, Maureen E.;Smith, Dustin J.;Ogawa, Yohey;Murphy, Daniel;Kopec, Rachel E.;Parichy, David M.;Carneiro, Miguel;Corbo, Joseph C.

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红色是自然界的一个显著特征。许多脊椎动物通过将膳食中的黄色类胡萝卜素转化为红色酮类胡萝卜素而产生红色,其机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们表明,两种酶,细胞色素P450 2 J19(CYP 2 J19)和3-羟基丁酸脱氢酶1样(BDH 1 L),足以催化这种转换。在鸟类中,这两种酶都在类胡萝卜素生物合成的位点(羽毛毛囊和红锥光感受器)表达,遗传证据表明这些酶与羽毛的黄/红颜色变化有关。在鱼类中,同系物的CYP 2 J19和BDH 1 L所需的酮类胡萝卜素的生产,我们表明,这些酶是足以产生酮类胡萝卜素在细胞培养中,当异位表达在鱼皮。最后,我们证明了红锥富集的tetratricopeptide重复蛋白39 B(TTC 39 B)增强酮类胡萝卜素的生产时,共表达与CYP 2 J19和BDH 1 L。这种酮类胡萝卜素生物合成机制的发现对于理解脊椎动物颜色多样性的进化具有重要意义。红色酮类胡萝卜素为基础的颜色是许多脊椎动物的重要信号。Toomey等人描述了介导鸟类和鱼类中酮类胡萝卜素产生的两步酶促机制。这项工作为理解脊椎动物红色的进化和功能开辟了新的途径。
Red coloration is a salient feature of the natural world. Many vertebrates produce red color by converting dietary yellow carotenoids into red ketocarotenoids via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that two enzymes, cytochrome P450 2J19 (CYP2J19) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1-like (BDH1L), are sufficient to catalyze this conversion. In birds, both enzymes are expressed at sites of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis (feather follicles and red cone photoreceptors), and genetic evidence implicates these enzymes in yellow/red color variation in feathers. In fish, homologs of CYP2J19 and BDH1L are required for ketocarotenoid production, and we show that these enzymes are sufficient to produce ketocarotenoids in cell culture and when ectopically expressed in fish skin. Finally, we demonstrate that the red-cone-enriched tetratricopeptide repeat protein 39B (TTC39B) enhances ketocarotenoid production when co-expressed with CYP2J19 and BDH1L. The discovery of this mechanism of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis has major implications for understanding the evolution of color diversity in vertebrates. Red ketocarotenoid-based coloration is an important signal for many vertebrates. Toomey et al. describe a two-step enzymatic mechanism that mediates the production of ketocarotenoids in birds and fish. This work opens new avenues for understanding the evolution and function of red coloration in vertebrates.
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