Effectiveness of strict vs. multiple use protected areas in reducing tropical forest fires: a global analysis using matching methods.
Effectiveness of strict vs. multiple use protected areas in reducing tropical forest fires: a global analysis using matching methods.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0022722
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Chomitz KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nelson A;Chomitz KM
保护区（PA）覆盖了四分之一的热带森林。然而，保护区在减少森林砍伐方面的有效性存在争议，特别是当当地人民有权使用森林时。一个关键的分析问题是，保护区可能放置在森林砍伐压力低的边缘土地上，使保护区和未保护区之间的比较有偏差。使用匹配技术来控制这种偏差，本文分析了全球热带森林生物群落使用森林火灾作为高分辨率的代理砍伐森林;分解影响的偏远，代理砍伐森林的压力;并比较严格保护与多用途保护区与土著地区。2000年，火灾活动被覆盖在1公里的热带森林范围图上;土地使用变化被推断为经历一次或多次火灾的任何一点。在2000年以前的保护区中的采样点与同一国家中随机选择的从未保护过的点相匹配。匹配标准包括到公路网的距离、到主要城市的距离、海拔和坡度以及降雨量。在拉丁美洲和亚洲，严格的保护区大大减少了火灾发生率，但多用途保护区甚至更有效。在拉丁美洲，有关于土著地区的数据，这些地区使森林火灾发生率降低了16个百分点，是与未受保护地区进行的天真（无可比性）比较所显示的2.5倍多。在非洲，最近建立的严格保护区似乎是有效的，但多用途热带森林保护区产生的样本点很少，其影响没有得到可靠的估计。这些结果表明，森林保护可以促进生物多样性保护和二氧化碳减排目标，特别是与降排议程相关。令人鼓舞的是，土著地区和多用途保护区有助于实现这些目标，这表明全球环境目标与支持当地生计之间存在某种兼容性。
Protected areas (PAs) cover a quarter of the tropical forest estate. Yet there is debate over the effectiveness of PAs in reducing deforestation, especially when local people have rights to use the forest. A key analytic problem is the likely placement of PAs on marginal lands with low pressure for deforestation, biasing comparisons between protected and unprotected areas. Using matching techniques to control for this bias, this paper analyzes the global tropical forest biome using forest fires as a high resolution proxy for deforestation; disaggregates impacts by remoteness, a proxy for deforestation pressure; and compares strictly protected vs. multiple use PAs vs indigenous areas. Fire activity was overlaid on a 1 km map of tropical forest extent in 2000; land use change was inferred for any point experiencing one or more fires. Sampled points in pre-2000 PAs were matched with randomly selected never-protected points in the same country. Matching criteria included distance to road network, distance to major cities, elevation and slope, and rainfall. In Latin America and Asia, strict PAs substantially reduced fire incidence, but multi-use PAs were even more effective. In Latin America, where there is data on indigenous areas, these areas reduce forest fire incidence by 16 percentage points, over two and a half times as much as naïve (unmatched) comparison with unprotected areas would suggest. In Africa, more recently established strict PAs appear to be effective, but multi-use tropical forest protected areas yield few sample points, and their impacts are not robustly estimated. These results suggest that forest protection can contribute both to biodiversity conservation and CO2 mitigation goals, with particular relevance to the REDD agenda. Encouragingly, indigenous areas and multi-use protected areas can help to accomplish these goals, suggesting some compatibility between global environmental goals and support for local livelihoods.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Bruner, AG;Gullison, RE;da Fonseca, GAB
通讯作者：
da Fonseca, GAB
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Bartholomé, E;Belward, AS
通讯作者：
Belward, AS
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0800437105
发表时间：
2008-10-21
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Andam, Kwaw S.;Ferraro, Paul J.;Robalino, Juan A.
通讯作者：
Robalino, Juan A.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Chomitz, KM;Gray, DA
通讯作者：
Gray, DA
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Adeney, J. Marion;Christensen, Norman L., Jr.;Pimm, Stuart L.
通讯作者：
Pimm, Stuart L.