From a drought to HIV: An analysis of the effect of droughts on transactional sex and sexually transmitted infections in Malawi.
From a drought to HIV: An analysis of the effect of droughts on transactional sex and sexually transmitted infections in Malawi.
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从干旱到艾滋病毒：对干旱对马拉维交易性别和性传播感染的影响的分析。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101221
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lepine, Aurelia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Treibich, Carole;Bell, Eleanor;Blanc, Elodie;Lepine, Aurelia
全球每年发生300多起自然灾害，造成数百万人受害，经济损失近1000亿美元。在气候变化的背景下，一份将极端天气事件与艾滋病毒感染联系起来的新文献表明，控制艾滋病毒流行的努力可能受到威胁。我们使用人口与健康调查（DHS）在2015-2016年严重干旱期间收集的数据，影响了马拉维的几个地区，为意外的经济冲击对年轻女性和男性性行为的影响提供了新的证据。我们发现，在从事农业的妇女中，与未受干旱影响的妇女相比，6个月的干旱使她们从事性交易的可能性增加了一倍，并使她们在过去12个月内患性传播感染的可能性增加了48%。在农业以外就业的男子中，干旱使他们与从事性交易的妇女发生关系的可能性增加了50%。这些结果表明，因干旱而遭受经济冲击的农业妇女利用与未受影响的男子（即受雇于农业以外的男子）进行性交易作为应对机制，使自己面临感染艾滋病毒的风险。这种影响在未受过教育的妇女中尤其明显。过去五年中的一次干旱使马拉维男女艾滋病毒感染率增加了约15%。总体而言，结果证实，气候冲击是非洲依赖农业的年轻妇女危险性行为的重要驱动因素。需要开展进一步研究，以探讨应采取的最适当的正式冲击应对战略，从而限制自然灾害对艾滋病毒感染和传播的负面影响。我们研究了2015年马拉维干旱对性交易、性传播感染和艾滋病毒的影响。中度干旱使依赖农业的妇女的性交易增加一倍。中度干旱使从事农业以外工作的男子的性交易增加50%。干旱对性交易的影响在未受过教育的妇女中更大。每一次干旱都会使男女艾滋病毒感染率增加15%。
Each year there are over 300 natural disasters globally with millions of victims that cost economic losses near USD$100 billion. In the context of climate change, an emerging literature linking extreme weather events to HIV infections suggests that efforts to control the HIV epidemic could be under threat. We used Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data collected during the 2015–2016 harsh drought that affected several areas of Malawi to provide new evidence on the effect of an unanticipated economic shock on sexual behaviours of young women and men. We find that amongst women employed in agriculture, a six-months drought doubles their likelihood of engaging in transactional sex compared to women who were not affected by the drought and increases their likelihood of having a sexually transmitted infections (STI) by 48% in the past twelve months. Amongst men employed outside of agriculture, drought increases by 50% the likelihood of having a relationship with a woman engaged in transactional sex. These results suggest that women in agriculture experiencing economic shocks as a result of drought use transactional sex with unaffected men, i.e. men employed outside agriculture, as a coping mechanism, exposing themselves to the risk of contracting HIV. The effect was especially observed among non-educated women. A single drought in the last five years increases HIV prevalence in Malawi by around 15% amongst men and women. Overall, the results confirm that weather shocks are important drivers of risky sexual behaviours of young women relying on agriculture in Africa. Further research is needed to investigate the most adequate formal shock-coping strategies to be implemented in order to limit the negative consequences of natural disasters on HIV acquisition and transmission. We study the effect of the 2015 Malawi drought on transactional sex, STIs and HIV. A moderate drought doubles transactional sex among women relying on agriculture. A moderate drought increases by 50% transactional sex among men working outside agriculture. The effect of drought on transactional sex is higher among uneducated women. Each drought increases HIV prevalence by 15% among men and women.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Dunkle, KL;Jewkes, RK;Harlow, SD
通讯作者：
Harlow, SD
DOI：
10.1097/00042560-199604010-00010
发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Downs, AM;DeVincenzi, I;Brunet, JB
通讯作者：
Brunet, JB
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Baird, Sarah J.;Garfein, Richard S.;Oezler, Berk
通讯作者：
Oezler, Berk
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Dercon, S;Krishnan, P
通讯作者：
Krishnan, P
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Gong, Erick;de Walque, Damien;Dow, William H.
通讯作者：
Dow, William H.