General learning ability regulates exploration through its influence on rate of habituation.
General learning ability regulates exploration through its influence on rate of habituation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.050
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Matzel, Louis D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Light, Kenneth R.;Grossman, Henya;Kolata, Stefan;Wass, Christopher;Matzel, Louis D.
“一般智力”据称会影响人类不同领域的特定学习能力，先前的研究表明，CD-1近亲繁殖的小鼠也表达了类似的特征。在人类和老鼠身上，探索倾向预示着一般的认知能力，因此更高的认知能力与更高水平的探索有关。然而，在小鼠中，反复暴露于家庭笼子外的新环境中被发现可以上调探索倾向，但对一般学习能力没有相应的影响，这表明探索倾向不会对一般认知表现产生因果影响。这就留下了一个问题：是什么导致了探索和一般学习能力之间的紧密关系？在目前的实验中，我们发现，在一般学习能力高和低的动物之间，习惯化（例如，对一个新的开放领域）的差异率解释了探索和学习能力之间的关系。首先，我们通过将小鼠暴露在一系列新的环境中来上调探索。与对学习任务缺乏影响类似，这种探索的上调对新物体或刺激的习惯化没有相应的影响。接下来，我们研究了在习惯化对探索行为有高或低影响的情况下，一般学习能力和探索之间的关系。在允许高和低一般学习能力的动物之间的习惯水平（对新物体或开放领域）变化的条件下，观察到一般学习能力和探索之间存在很强的相关性。然而，当具有高和低一般学习能力的动物的习惯化水平渐近或在动物之间保持恒定时，这种相同的相关性减弱。总的来说，这些结果表明，探索和一般学习能力之间的关系是由习惯化（本身也是一种学习形式）对表明探索行为的影响来解释的。
“General intelligence” is purported to influence diverse domain-specific learning abilities in humans, and previous research indicates that an analogous trait is expressed in CD-1 outbred mice. In humans and mice, exploratory tendencies are predictive of general cognitive abilities, such that higher cognitive abilities are associated with elevated levels of exploration. However, in mice, repeated exposure to novel environments outside the home cage has been found to up-regulate exploratory tendencies but has no commensurate effect on general learning abilities, suggesting that exploratory tendencies do not causally influence general cognitive performance. This leaves open the question of what is responsible for the robust relationship observed between exploration and general learning abilities? In the present experiments, we find that differential rates of habituation (e.g., to a novel open field) between animals of high and low general learning abilities accounts for the relationship between exploration and learning abilities. First, we up-regulated exploration by exposing mice to a series of novel environments. Similar to its lack of effect on learning tasks, this up-regulation of exploration had no commensurate effect on habituation to novel objects or stimuli. Next we examined the relationship between general learning abilities and exploration under conditions where habituation had a high or low impact on exploratory behaviors. A strong correlation between general learning abilities and exploration was observed under conditions where the levels of habituation (to a novel object or an open field) between animals of high and low general learning abilities were allowed to vary. However, this same correlation was attenuated when the level of habituation attained by animals of high and low general learning abilities was asymptotic or held constant across animals. In total, these results indicate that the relationship between exploration and general learning abilities is accounted for by the impact of habituation (itself a form of learning) on behaviors indicative of exploration.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Matzel, Louis D.;Townsend, David A.;Kolata, Stefan
通讯作者：
Kolata, Stefan
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.034
发表时间：
2010-04-27
期刊：
Current biology : CB
影响因子：
--
作者：
Light KR;Kolata S;Wass C;Denman-Brice A;Zagalsky R;Matzel LD
通讯作者：
Matzel LD
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Grossman, Henya C.;Hale, Gregory;Matzel, Louis D.
通讯作者：
Matzel, Louis D.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Light, Kenneth R.;Kolata, Stefan;Matzel, Louis D.
通讯作者：
Matzel, Louis D.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Plomin, R
通讯作者：
Plomin, R