Working memory training promotes general cognitive abilities in genetically heterogeneous mice.
Working memory training promotes general cognitive abilities in genetically heterogeneous mice.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2010.02.034
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发表时间：
2010-04-27
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Matzel LD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Light KR;Kolata S;Wass C;Denman-Brice A;Zagalsky R;Matzel LD
在人类中，工作记忆能力的各个方面(即对干扰或选择性注意的抵抗力)与指示一般智力的指标密切相关，同样，工作记忆能力的有效性及其相关过程--选择性注意--都能很好地预测单个小鼠在认知测试电池中的总体表现。由于工作记忆的本质决定了它在大多数认知任务中都会受到影响，因此有人认为，工作记忆的效能可能会对个体在常见的“智力”测试中的表现产生因果影响。尽管这种可能性受到了关注，但基于人类研究的支持证据在很大程度上是相互关联的(但请看)。在这里，对遗传异质性的小鼠进行了一系列五项学习任务的评估。动物在五项任务中的综合表现被用来评估它们的一般认知能力，这一特征在某些方面类似于智力。在两个实验中，我们证明了重复工作记忆训练(在两个八个选项的迷宫中同时进行)促进了选择性注意的增加，并对动物在五项学习任务中的综合表现产生了相应的积极影响。如果工作记忆训练的名义选择性注意需求减少，工作记忆训练对一般认知表现的增强作用就会减弱。总而言之，这些结果提供了初步证据，表明工作记忆能力和选择性注意的有效性与动物的总体认知表现存在因果关系，并提出了促进这些能力的行为策略。此外，这些结果表明，在人类和人类以下动物中，调节一般认知表现的过程是保守的。
In humans, aspects of working memory capacity (i.e., resistance to interference or selective attention) correlate strongly with measures indicative of general intelligence, and likewise, the efficacy of working memory capacity and its related process, selective attention, are each strongly predictive of the aggregate performance of individual mice in cognitive test batteries. Since by its nature, working memory is taxed during most cognitive tasks, it has been suggested that the efficacy of working memory may have a causal influence on individuals’ performance on common tests of “intelligence”. Despite the attention that this possibility has received, supporting evidence based on studies of humans has been largely correlational in nature (but see). Here, genetically heterogeneous mice were assessed on a battery of five learning tasks. Animals’ aggregate performance across the five tasks was used to estimate their general cognitive abilities, a trait that is in some respects analogous to intelligence. In two experiments, we demonstrate that repetitive working memory training (concurrent performance in two eight-choice mazes) promoted an increase in selective attention and had a commensurately positive effect on the animals’ aggregate performance on a battery of five learning tasks. The enhancement of general cognitive performance by working memory exercise was attenuated if the nominal selective attention demands of that working memory training were reduced. In total, these results provide initial evidence that the efficacy of working memory capacity and selective attention are causally related to an animal’s general cognitive performance, and suggest behavioral strategies to promote those abilities. Furthermore, these results suggest a conservation of the processes that regulate general cognitive performance in humans and infrahuman animals.
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影响因子：
2.7
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Matzel, Louis D.
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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