Nanopore sequencing reveals endogenous NMD-targeted isoforms in human cells.

Nanopore sequencing reveals endogenous NMD-targeted isoforms in human cells.
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DOI:
10.1186/s13059-021-02439-3
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发表时间:
2021-08-13
期刊:
影响因子:
12.3
通讯作者:
Mühlemann O
Mühlemann O
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Karousis ED;Gypas F;Zavolan M;Mühlemann O

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无义介导的mRNA降解(NMD)是真核生物中的一种降解途径,其靶向具有提前终止密码子的mRNA,并且还调节编码全长蛋白质的一些mRNA的表达。尽管许多基因表达NMD敏感的转录物,但基于短读段测序数据识别它们仍然是一个挑战。为了鉴定和分析NMD的内源性靶标,我们将cDNA纳米孔测序和短读段测序应用于具有不同NMD因子表达水平的人类细胞。我们的方法检测全长NMD底物,这些底物高度不稳定并且水平增加,甚至仅在NMD被抑制时出现。在我们的分析确定的许多新的NMD靶向亚型中,大多数来自选择性外显子的使用。异构体感知分析揭示了许多基因在剪接中具有显著变化,但在NMD敲低后总体表达水平没有显著变化。NMD敏感的mRNA在3 ′ UTR中具有更多的外显子,并且对于在最后一个外显子中具有终止密码子的那些mRNA,3 ′ UTR的长度本身与NMD敏感性不相关。剪接信号的分析揭示了NMD在基因表达调控中被增选的异构体,尽管NMD的主要功能似乎是消除由假剪接事件引起的异构体的转录组。长读段测序能够鉴定许多新的NMD敏感的mRNA,并揭示了关于其生物起源和生物作用的已知和意外特征。我们的数据为未来的基因组和转录组学应用提供了非常有价值的人类NMD转录物靶点资源。在线版本包含补充材料,可通过10.1186/s13059-021-02439-3获得。
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic, translation-dependent degradation pathway that targets mRNAs with premature termination codons and also regulates the expression of some mRNAs that encode full-length proteins. Although many genes express NMD-sensitive transcripts, identifying them based on short-read sequencing data remains a challenge. To identify and analyze endogenous targets of NMD, we apply cDNA Nanopore sequencing and short-read sequencing to human cells with varying expression levels of NMD factors. Our approach detects full-length NMD substrates that are highly unstable and increase in levels or even only appear when NMD is inhibited. Among the many new NMD-targeted isoforms that our analysis identifies, most derive from alternative exon usage. The isoform-aware analysis reveals many genes with significant changes in splicing but no significant changes in overall expression levels upon NMD knockdown. NMD-sensitive mRNAs have more exons in the 3΄UTR and, for those mRNAs with a termination codon in the last exon, the length of the 3΄UTR per se does not correlate with NMD sensitivity. Analysis of splicing signals reveals isoforms where NMD has been co-opted in the regulation of gene expression, though the main function of NMD seems to be ridding the transcriptome of isoforms resulting from spurious splicing events. Long-read sequencing enables the identification of many novel NMD-sensitive mRNAs and reveals both known and unexpected features concerning their biogenesis and their biological role. Our data provide a highly valuable resource of human NMD transcript targets for future genomic and transcriptomic applications. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-021-02439-3.
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