Inflammasomes in Teleosts: Structures and Mechanisms That Induce Pyroptosis during Bacterial Infection.
Inflammasomes in Teleosts: Structures and Mechanisms That Induce Pyroptosis during Bacterial Infection.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms22094389
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发表时间：
2021-04-22
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Hikima JI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morimoto N;Kono T;Sakai M;Hikima JI
模式识别受体(PRRs)在诱导炎症反应中起着至关重要的作用；它们识别病原体相关的分子模式、损伤相关的分子模式和环境因素。核苷酸结合的寡聚化结构域-富含亮氨酸重复序列的受体(NLR)是PRR家族的一部分；它们在细胞质中形成一个大型的多蛋白质复合体，称为炎症体。在哺乳动物中，炎症小体由NLR(作为传感分子)、含有caspase募集结构域(ASC)的凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)和caspase1原(CASP1)组成。炎性小体激活诱导CASP1激活，促进促炎细胞因子，如IL-1β和IL-18的成熟，并通过裂解Gasdermin D诱导哺乳动物炎性细胞死亡。哺乳动物的炎性小体激活和上睑下垂在保护宿主免受病原体感染方面起着重要作用。近年来，在硬骨鱼中发现了大量与炎症体相关的基因，并阐明了它们在哺乳动物和硬骨鱼中表达的保守性和/或差异性。本文综述了炎性小体的分子结构和作用机制以及ASC-SPEC在诱导硬骨鱼上睑下垂中的作用，并探讨了炎性小体对硬骨鱼致病感染的保护作用。
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in inducing inflammatory responses; they recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, and environmental factors. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) are part of the PRR family; they form a large multiple-protein complex called the inflammasome in the cytosol. In mammals, the inflammasome consists of an NLR, used as a sensor molecule, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) as an adaptor protein, and pro-caspase1 (Casp1). Inflammasome activation induces Casp1 activation, promoting the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and the induction of inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis via gasdermin D cleavage in mammals. Inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in mammals play important roles in protecting the host from pathogen infection. Recently, numerous inflammasome-related genes in teleosts have been identified, and their conservation and/or differentiation between their expression in mammals and teleosts have also been elucidated. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the molecular structure and machinery of the inflammasomes and the ASC-spec to induce pyroptosis; moreover, we explore the protective role of the inflammasome against pathogenic infection in teleosts.
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