The context of HIV risk behaviours among HIV-positive injection drug users in Viet Nam: moving toward effective harm reduction.
The context of HIV risk behaviours among HIV-positive injection drug users in Viet Nam: moving toward effective harm reduction.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-9-98
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发表时间：
2009-04-06
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Fylkesnes K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thanh DC;Moland KM;Fylkesnes K
注射吸毒者在越南报告的所有艾滋病毒病例中所占比例最大。本研究旨在探讨艾滋病毒阳性注射吸毒者对风险和风险行为的看法，以及他们与安全注射和安全性行为有关的经验。本研究采用了多种定性方法收集数据，包括深入访谈，焦点小组讨论和参与者观察与艾滋病毒阳性注射吸毒者。举报人描述了注射毒品使用者之间分享做法的变化，转向更多的预防措施和被认为是“低风险的分享”，如血清一致性伙伴之间的分享和借款而不是贷款。然而，经常描述和观察到重复使用注射设备和“拔注射器”，即特别是使用剩余药物等危险做法。针头和注射器分发方案已经到位，但携带针头和注射器，特别是携带毒品，可能会被逮捕和罚款。由于害怕被拒绝和失去亲密关系，很难透露，这被认为是最近确诊的艾滋病毒感染者使用避孕套的主要障碍。艾滋病毒呈阳性的注射吸毒者继续从事艾滋病毒风险行为。反毒品法和警察的镇压政策似乎是阻碍越南正在进行的针头和注射器分发方案预防工作的关键因素。需要采取严厉的政策措施，降低注射吸毒者中艾滋病毒的高流行率。
Injection drug users represent the largest proportion of all HIV reported cases in Viet Nam. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of risk and risk behaviours among HIV-positive injection drug users, and their experiences related to safe injection and safe sex practices. This study used multiple qualitative methods in data collection including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation with HIV-positive injection drug users. The informants described a change in the sharing practices among injection drug users towards more precautions and what was considered 'low risk sharing', like sharing among seroconcordant partners and borrowing rather than lending. However risky practices like re-use of injection equipment and 'syringe pulling' i.e. the use of left-over drugs in particular, were frequently described and observed. Needle and syringe distribution programmes were in place but carrying needles and syringes and particularly drugs could result in being arrested and fined. Fear of rejection and of loss of intimacy made disclosure difficult and was perceived as a major obstacle for condom use among recently diagnosed HIV infected individuals. HIV-positive injection drug users continue to practice HIV risk behaviours. The anti-drug law and the police crack-down policy appeared as critical factors hampering ongoing prevention efforts with needle and syringe distribution programmes in Viet Nam. Drastic policy measures are needed to reduce the very high HIV prevalence among injection drug users.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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