Advances in Extracellular Matrix-Mimetic Hydrogels to Guide Stem Cell Fate

Advances in Extracellular Matrix-Mimetic Hydrogels to Guide Stem Cell Fate
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细胞外基质模拟水凝胶指导干细胞命运的进展

DOI:
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Ryan Stowers
Ryan Stowers
中科院分区:
生物学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ryan Stowers

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在再生医学和组织工程领域,干细胞为治疗或替代患病和受损组织提供了巨大的潜力。在理解干细胞生物学方面已经取得了很大进展,产生了用于指导干细胞分化为特定应用的感兴趣的细胞类型的方案。一个特别有趣和强大的信号线索是干细胞周围的细胞外基质(ECM),这是一种生物聚合物网络,沿着细胞,构成了我们定义的组织。ECM的组成、结构、生化特征和机械性质在不同组织和发育阶段中是不同的,并且用于指导干细胞朝向特定谱系。通过工程化的ECM模拟水凝胶理解和重现这些ECM信号传导线索中的一些,可以在体外指导干细胞的命运。在这篇综述中,我们将总结材料系统的最新进展,以指导干细胞的命运,突出创新的方法来捕获ECM功能,以及如何这些材料系统可以用来提供基本的洞察干细胞生物学或朝着治疗目标取得进展。
In the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, stem cells offer vast potential for treating or replacing diseased and damaged tissue. Much progress has been made in understanding stem cell biology, yielding protocols for directing stem cell differentiation toward the cell type of interest for a specific application. One particularly interesting and powerful signaling cue is the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding stem cells, a network of biopolymers that, along with cells, makes up what we define as a tissue. The composition, structure, biochemical features, and mechanical properties of the ECM are varied in different tissues and developmental stages, and serve to instruct stem cells toward a specific lineage. By understanding and recapitulating some of these ECM signaling cues through engineered ECM-mimicking hydrogels, stem cell fate can be directed in vitro. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in material systems to guide stem cell fate, highlighting innovative methods to capture ECM functionalities and how these material systems can be used to provide basic insight into stem cell biology or make progress toward therapeutic objectives.
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