Importance sampling and Bayesian model comparison in ecology and evolution

Importance sampling and Bayesian model comparison in ecology and evolution
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生态学和进化中的重要性采样和贝叶斯模型比较

DOI:
10.1111/2041-210x.14237
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
6.6
通讯作者:
Hudson D
Hudson D
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hudson D

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贝叶斯方法对生态系统的建模越来越流行,但有竞争的方法,正式的模型比较。在这里,我们专注于通过估计后验模型权重来执行多模型推理的任务,这包含了在推理输出中选择竞争模型结构的不确定性。基于模型的方法,如可逆跳跃马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(RJ - MCMC)是灵活的,允许多模型推理,但可能是复杂的实现和优化,因此我们翻译了一个基于模型的方法,用于生态应用,使用重要性抽样来估计给定特定模型的数据的边际似然。这种方法允许通过估计贝叶斯因子或可解释的后验模型概率来进行模型比较,从而产生模型权重,通过贝叶斯模型平均来促进多模型推理。我们通过动物人口统计学中的两个案例研究调查来证明重要性抽样:对带猫鼬(Mungos mungo)的生存进行普查分析,其中数据缺失的情况并不常见;以及对欧洲獾(Meles Meles)的生存进行捕获-标记-再捕获分析,其中数据通常缺失。我们将使用重要性抽样方法的模型比较结果与使用Deviance信息标准和Watanabe-Akaike信息标准的单模型推理方法获得的结果进行了比较。重要性抽样方法的结果与RJ - MCMC模型比较一致,同时通常更直接地拟合和优化,特别是在竞争模型是非嵌套的情况下。
Bayesian approaches to the modelling of ecological systems are increasingly popular, but there are competing methods for formal model comparisons. Here, we focus on the task of performing multimodel inference through estimating posterior model weights, which encompasses uncertainties in the choice of competing model structure into the inference outputs.Model‐based approaches such as reversible‐jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJ‐MCMC) are flexible and allow multimodel inference, but can be complex to implement and optimise, and so we translate a model‐based approach for ecological applications using Importance Sampling to estimate the marginal likelihood of the data given a particular model. This approach allows for model comparison through the estimation of Bayes' Factors or interpretable posterior model probabilities, yielding model weights that facilitate multimodel inference through Bayesian model averaging.We demonstrate Importance Sampling with two case study investigations in animal demography: censused analysis of banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) survival where missing data are uncommon, and capture–mark–recapture analysis of European badger (Meles meles) survival where data are commonly missing.We compare outcomes of the model comparison using the Importance Sampling approach to those obtained through single‐model inference approaches using Deviance information criteria and the Watanabe–Akaike information criteria. The results of the Importance Sampling method aligns with RJ‐MCMC model comparisons while often being more straightforward to fit and optimise, particularly if the competing models are non‐nested.
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