Regional variation in pig farmer awareness and actions regarding Japanese encephalitis in Nepal: implications for public health education.
Regional variation in pig farmer awareness and actions regarding Japanese encephalitis in Nepal: implications for public health education.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0085399
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stephen C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhakal S;Joshi DD;Ale A;Sharma M;Dahal M;Shah Y;Pant DK;Stephen C
日本脑炎（JE）是一种以猪为主要扩增宿主的蚊媒人畜共患疾病。它是尼泊尔人病毒性脑炎的最重要原因，并在该国的地理分布中蔓延。由于减少了对猪的文化偏见和政府支持养猪扶贫的计划，尼泊尔的养猪业正在增加。预防和控制乙脑的主要策略包括教育、病媒控制以及人和猪的免疫接种。本研究对尼泊尔4个地区的400名养猪户进行了调查，这些养猪户具有不同的乙脑和养猪历史，以探讨农民对乙脑的认识和行动的区域差异，认识和行动与农场和农民变量的关联，以及这些关联对公共卫生教育的影响。暴露于乙脑的风险因素是常见的养猪场和养猪区，但有显着的知识和做法，在农场乙脑风险降低地区水平的差异。社会因素，如识字，性别和文化习俗与农民的态度，知识和做法，乙脑控制。乙脑疫苗接种几乎不存在，所有4个区的蚊虫控制措施也不一致。收入不是造成差异的决定性因素，但所有农民都非常贫穷。疫苗接种率低，缺乏将猪圈养在室内或远离人群的基础设施或财政能力，这表明农民的个人保护应成为尼泊尔教育的优先目标。这项研究再次强调，需要解决人们个人疾病预防行为的根本原因，并在设计健康或农业教育方案时考虑到当地的需求和能力差异。
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that has pigs as the major amplifying hosts. It is the most important cause of viral encephalitis in people in Nepal and is spreading in its geographic distribution in that country. Pig farming is increasing in Nepal due to reducing cultural biases against pigs and government programs to support pig farming for poverty alleviation. Major strategies for JE prevention and control include education, vector control, and immunization of people and pigs. This study used a survey of 400 pig farmers in 4 areas of Nepal with different JE and pig farming histories to explore regional variations in farmer awareness and actions towards JE, the association of awareness and actions with farm and farmer variables, and the implications of these associations for public health education. Exposure to JE risk factors was common across pig farms and pig farming districts but there were significant district level differences in knowledge and practices related to on-farm JE risk reduction. Social factors such as literacy, gender, and cultural practices were associated with farmer attitudes, knowledge and practices for JE control. JE vaccine uptake was almost non-existent and mosquito control steps were inconsistently applied across all 4 districts. Income was not a determining factor of the differences, but all farmers were very poor. The low uptake of vaccine and lack of infrastructure or financial capacity to house pigs indoors or away from people suggest that farmer personal protection should be a priority target for education in Nepal. This study re-enforces the need to attack root causes of people’s personal disease prevention behaviours and take into account local variation in needs and capacities when designing health or agriculture education programs.
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