Genome landscape and evolutionary plasticity of chromosomes in malaria mosquitoes.
Genome landscape and evolutionary plasticity of chromosomes in malaria mosquitoes.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0010592
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发表时间：
2010-05-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sharakhov IV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xia A;Sharakhova MV;Leman SC;Tu Z;Bailey JA;Smith CD;Sharakhov IV
重排的非随机分布是真核生物染色体的一个共同特征，但在基因组组织和进化方面还没有得到很好的理解。在主要的非洲疟疾媒介冈比亚按蚊中，多态倒位高度不均匀地分布在5个染色体臂中，并与流行病学上重要的适应性相关。然而，尚不清楚染色体臂的基因组含量是否与倒位多态性和固定率相关。为了更好地理解染色体倒位的进化动力学，我们为亚洲疟疾蚊子斯氏按蚊（Anopheles stephensi）创建了一个物理图谱，并将其与An.冈比亚。我们还开发和部署了新的贝叶斯统计模型来分析单个染色体臂An中的基因组景观。冈比亚。在这里，我们证明，尽管缺乏倒位多态性的X染色体，这条染色体具有最快的倒位固定率和最高密度的转座因子，简单的DNA重复序列，和GC含量。高度多态性和快速发展的常染色体2R臂过度表达的基因参与细胞应激反应，支持自然选择的作用，在维持自适应多态性倒位。此外，2R臂具有最高密度的区域参与节段性重复，这些区域聚集在臂的断裂点富集区中。相反，进化较慢的2L、3R和3L臂富集有可能有助于细胞核中染色体稳定性的基质附着区域。这些结果突出了性染色体和常染色体进化动力学的根本差异，并揭示了基因组景观特征与染色体进化速率之间的强烈关联。我们的结论是，不同类别的基因和重复的DNA在每个手臂，而不是一个单一类型的重复元素的独特组合，可能是负责臂特定的重排率。
Nonrandom distribution of rearrangements is a common feature of eukaryotic chromosomes that is not well understood in terms of genome organization and evolution. In the major African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, polymorphic inversions are highly nonuniformly distributed among five chromosomal arms and are associated with epidemiologically important adaptations. However, it is not clear whether the genomic content of the chromosomal arms is associated with inversion polymorphism and fixation rates. To better understand the evolutionary dynamics of chromosomal inversions, we created a physical map for an Asian malaria mosquito, Anopheles stephensi, and compared it with the genome of An. gambiae. We also developed and deployed novel Bayesian statistical models to analyze genome landscapes in individual chromosomal arms An. gambiae. Here, we demonstrate that, despite the paucity of inversion polymorphisms on the X chromosome, this chromosome has the fastest rate of inversion fixation and the highest density of transposable elements, simple DNA repeats, and GC content. The highly polymorphic and rapidly evolving autosomal 2R arm had overrepresentation of genes involved in cellular response to stress supporting the role of natural selection in maintaining adaptive polymorphic inversions. In addition, the 2R arm had the highest density of regions involved in segmental duplications that clustered in the breakpoint-rich zone of the arm. In contrast, the slower evolving 2L, 3R, and 3L, arms were enriched with matrix-attachment regions that potentially contribute to chromosome stability in the cell nucleus. These results highlight fundamental differences in evolutionary dynamics of the sex chromosome and autosomes and revealed the strong association between characteristics of the genome landscape and rates of chromosomal evolution. We conclude that a unique combination of various classes of genes and repetitive DNA in each arm, rather than a single type of repetitive element, is likely responsible for arm-specific rates of rearrangements.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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