Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases.
Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00394-012-0380-y
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发表时间：
2012-09
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Watzl B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boeing H;Bechthold A;Bub A;Ellinger S;Haller D;Kroke A;Leschik-Bonnet E;Müller MJ;Oberritter H;Schulze M;Stehle P;Watzl B
蔬菜和水果是人类营养的重要组成部分，因为它们是营养素、膳食纤维和植物化学物质的重要来源。然而，目前尚不确定的是，某些慢性疾病的风险是否可以通过增加公众对蔬菜或水果的消费来降低，以及必须为这种关联分配多少有力的证据。因此，我们对文献中现有的研究和各自的研究结果进行了全面的分析，并对肥胖、2型糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、中风、癌症、慢性炎症性肠病（IBD）、类风湿性关节炎（RA）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、哮喘、骨质疏松症、眼病和痴呆进行了评估。在判断时，考虑了风险关联证据的强度、证据水平和研究数量、研究的质量以及基于研究设计和规模的估计相关性。对于高血压、冠心病和中风，有令人信服的证据表明，增加蔬菜和水果的摄入量可以降低患病风险。可能有证据表明，患癌症的风险总体上与蔬菜和水果的摄入量呈负相关。此外，可能有证据表明，增加蔬菜和水果的消费可能会防止体重增加。由于超重是2型糖尿病最重要的危险因素，因此增加蔬菜和水果的摄入量可能会间接降低2型糖尿病的发病率。与超重无关，可能有证据表明，增加饮酒量对2型糖尿病的风险没有影响。可能有证据表明，增加蔬菜和水果的摄入量可以降低患某些眼病、痴呆和骨质疏松症的风险。同样，目前关于哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病和类风湿性关节炎的数据表明，蔬菜和水果消费的增加可能有助于预防这些疾病。对于IBD、青光眼和糖尿病视网膜病变，没有足够的证据表明它们与蔬菜和水果的摄入有关。这篇关于蔬菜和水果摄入量与几种慢性疾病风险之间关系的重要综述表明，每天大量摄入这些食物可以促进健康。因此，从科学的角度来看，增加蔬菜和水果消费的全国性运动是合理的。在西方社会，通过营养和卫生政策促进蔬菜和水果消费是减轻几种慢性疾病负担的较好战略。
Vegetables and fruit provide a significant part of human nutrition, as they are important sources of nutrients, dietary fibre, and phytochemicals. However, it is uncertain whether the risk of certain chronic diseases can be reduced by increased consumption of vegetables or fruit by the general public, and what strength of evidence has to be allocated to such an association. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the studies available in the literature and the respective study results has been performed and evaluated regarding obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, osteoporosis, eye diseases, and dementia. For judgement, the strength of evidence for a risk association, the level of evidence, and the number of studies were considered, the quality of the studies and their estimated relevance based on study design and size. For hypertension, CHD, and stroke, there is convincing evidence that increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruit reduces the risk of disease. There is probable evidence that the risk of cancer in general is inversely associated with the consumption of vegetables and fruit. In addition, there is possible evidence that an increased consumption of vegetables and fruit may prevent body weight gain. As overweight is the most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, an increased consumption of vegetables and fruit therefore might indirectly reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Independent of overweight, there is probable evidence that there is no influence of increased consumption on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is possible evidence that increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruit lowers the risk of certain eye diseases, dementia and the risk of osteoporosis. Likewise, current data on asthma, COPD, and RA indicate that an increase in vegetable and fruit consumption may contribute to the prevention of these diseases. For IBD, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, there was insufficient evidence regarding an association with the consumption of vegetables and fruit. This critical review on the associations between the intake of vegetables and fruit and the risk of several chronic diseases shows that a high daily intake of these foods promotes health. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, national campaigns to increase vegetable and fruit consumption are justified. The promotion of vegetable and fruit consumption by nutrition and health policies is a preferable strategy to decrease the burden of several chronic diseases in Western societies.
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影响因子：
7.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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