Exponential suppression of bit or phase errors with cyclic error correction.
Exponential suppression of bit or phase errors with cyclic error correction.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-03588-y
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Google Quantum AI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Google Quantum AI
意识到量子计算的潜力需要足够低的逻辑错误率。参考）。生长，前提-Flip错误，每回合的逻辑误差将量子数从5增加到21。精确，让我们在执行量子误差校正时表征误差局部性。使用简单的去极化误差模型的数值模拟为构建具有超导量子的可扩展量量子计算机提供了基础。
运行许多量子误差校正周期的重复代码可以随着量化数量的增加而实现了对错误的指数抑制。
Realizing the potential of quantum computing requires sufficiently low logical error rates. Many applications call for error rates as low as 10−15 (refs. ), but state-of-the-art quantum platforms typically have physical error rates near 10−3 (refs. ). Quantum error correction promises to bridge this divide by distributing quantum logical information across many physical qubits in such a way that errors can be detected and corrected. Errors on the encoded logical qubit state can be exponentially suppressed as the number of physical qubits grows, provided that the physical error rates are below a certain threshold and stable over the course of a computation. Here we implement one-dimensional repetition codes embedded in a two-dimensional grid of superconducting qubits that demonstrate exponential suppression of bit-flip or phase-flip errors, reducing logical error per round more than 100-fold when increasing the number of qubits from 5 to 21. Crucially, this error suppression is stable over 50 rounds of error correction. We also introduce a method for analysing error correlations with high precision, allowing us to characterize error locality while performing quantum error correction. Finally, we perform error detection with a small logical qubit using the 2D surface code on the same device and show that the results from both one- and two-dimensional codes agree with numerical simulations that use a simple depolarizing error model. These experimental demonstrations provide a foundation for building a scalable fault-tolerant quantum computer with superconducting qubits. Repetition codes running many cycles of quantum error correction achieve exponential suppression of errors with increasing numbers of qubits.
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