Microstructural and neurochemical plasticity mechanisms interact to enhance human perceptual decision-making.
Microstructural and neurochemical plasticity mechanisms interact to enhance human perceptual decision-making.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3002029
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
众所周知，经验和训练可以提高我们的技能，塑造大脑的组织和功能。然而，结构可塑性和功能性神经传递通常是在不同的尺度（大规模网络、局部回路）上进行研究的，这限制了我们对成人大脑中支持复杂认知技能学习的适应性相互作用的理解。在这里，我们使用多模态脑成像来研究微观结构（髓鞘形成）和神经化学（GABAergic）决策可塑性之间的联系。我们测试了（在男性中，由于潜在的混淆月经周期对女性GABA测量的影响）mri测量髓磷脂、GABA和功能连接的变化，在涉及识别杂乱目标的感知决策任务训练之前和之后。我们证明，训练改变了皮层下（枕核、海马）髓鞘形成及其与视觉皮层的功能连接，并与视觉皮层gaba能抑制减弱有关。髓磷脂、GABA和功能连接的MRI测量之间的模型相互作用表明，髓鞘可塑性通过丘脑皮质连接与视觉皮层GABA能抑制相互作用，以支持学习。我们的研究结果表明，在皮层下-皮层回路中，适应性微观结构和神经化学可塑性的动态相互作用支持成年人大脑优化决策的学习。这项多模态脑成像研究揭示了可塑性机制的互动网络：皮层下微结构（髓鞘形成）可塑性和皮层神经化学（gaba能抑制）可塑性通过丘脑皮质连接相互作用，以支持优化的感知决策。
Experience and training are known to boost our skills and mold the brain’s organization and function. Yet, structural plasticity and functional neurotransmission are typically studied at different scales (large-scale networks, local circuits), limiting our understanding of the adaptive interactions that support learning of complex cognitive skills in the adult brain. Here, we employ multimodal brain imaging to investigate the link between microstructural (myelination) and neurochemical (GABAergic) plasticity for decision-making. We test (in males, due to potential confounding menstrual cycle effects on GABA measurements in females) for changes in MRI-measured myelin, GABA, and functional connectivity before versus after training on a perceptual decision task that involves identifying targets in clutter. We demonstrate that training alters subcortical (pulvinar, hippocampus) myelination and its functional connectivity to visual cortex and relates to decreased visual cortex GABAergic inhibition. Modeling interactions between MRI measures of myelin, GABA, and functional connectivity indicates that pulvinar myelin plasticity interacts—through thalamocortical connectivity—with GABAergic inhibition in visual cortex to support learning. Our findings propose a dynamic interplay of adaptive microstructural and neurochemical plasticity in subcortico-cortical circuits that supports learning for optimized decision-making in the adult human brain. This multimodal brain imaging study reveals an interactive network of plasticity mechanisms: subcortical microstructural (myelination) plasticity and cortical neurochemical (GABAergic inhibition) plasticity interact through thalamocortical connectivity to support optimized perceptual decisions.
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhw157
发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
影响因子：
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影响因子：
19.9
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