Contextual inference underlies the learning of sensorimotor repertoires.

Contextual inference underlies the learning of sensorimotor repertoires.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-021-04129-3
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发表时间:
2021-12
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Wolpert DM
Wolpert DM
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heald JB;Lengyel M;Wolpert DM

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人类花了一生的时间来学习、储存和提炼运动记忆的全部内容。例如,通过经验,我们可以熟练地操纵各种具有不同动力学特性的物体。然而,我们不知道是什么原理决定了我们连续不断的感觉运动体验如何被分割成不同的记忆,以及我们如何适应和使用这些不断增长的记忆。在这里,我们开发了一个运动学习的理论基础上的关键原则,记忆的创造,更新和表达都是由一个单一的计算-上下文推理控制。我们的理论表明,适应可以通过创建和更新记忆(正确的学习)以及改变现有记忆的差异表达方式(明显的学习)来实现。这一见解使我们能够解释运动学习的关键特征,这些特征没有统一的解释:自发恢复,储蓄,顺行干扰,环境一致性如何影响学习速度以及外显学习和内隐学习之间的区别。重要的是,我们的理论还预测了新的现象-诱发恢复和上下文相关的单次试验学习-我们证实了实验。这些结果表明,上下文推理,而不是经典的单一上下文机制,是一组不同的经验是如何反映在我们的运动行为的关键原则。
Humans spend a lifetime learning, storing and refining a repertoire of motor memories. For example, through experience, we become proficient at manipulating a large range of objects with distinct dynamical properties. However, it is unknown what principle underlies how our continuous stream of sensorimotor experience is segmented into separate memories and how we adapt and use this growing repertoire. Here we develop a theory of motor learning based on the key principle that memory creation, updating and expression are all controlled by a single computation – contextual inference. Our theory reveals that adaptation can arise both by creating and updating memories (proper learning) and by changing how existing memories are differentially expressed (apparent learning). This insight allows us to account for key features of motor learning that had no unified explanation: spontaneous recovery, savings, anterograde interference, how environmental consistency affects learning rate and the distinction between explicit and implicit learning. Critically, our theory also predicts novel phenomena – evoked recovery and context-dependent single-trial learning – which we confirm experimentally. These results suggest that contextual inference, rather than classical single-context mechanisms, is the key principle underlying how a diverse set of experiences is reflected in our motor behaviour.
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