Microglia and Macrophages in the Pathological Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems.
Microglia and Macrophages in the Pathological Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems.
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DOI：
10.3390/cells9092132
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发表时间：
2020-09-21
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Tanaka J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abe N;Nishihara T;Yorozuya T;Tanaka J
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的免疫活性细胞，长期以来一直被研究为各种CNS疾病的病理恶化参与者。然而，小胶质细胞发挥改善神经保护作用，这促使我们重新考虑其在中枢神经系统和周围神经系统（PNS）病理生理学中的作用。此外，最近的研究结果表明，即使在健康的CNS中，小胶质细胞也发挥着关键作用。通常有助于维持CNS内稳态的小胶质细胞功能被其他细胞如星形胶质细胞和浸润的骨髓细胞修饰;因此，小胶质细胞对神经元的作用极其复杂。为了更深入地了解各种疾病的病理生理学，包括PNS的病理生理学，重要的是要了解小胶质细胞的功能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了小胶质细胞在各种CNS和PNS疾病中对神经元存活的有利和不利作用。我们还讨论了血源性巨噬细胞在CNS和PNS损伤的发病机制中的作用，因为它们共同修饰了驻留小胶质细胞的病理过程。最后，糖酵解和氧化磷酸化的代谢变化，特别是小胶质细胞的促/抗炎激活，集中解决，因为它们与活性氧的产生和促/抗炎表型的变化有着深刻的相关性。
Microglia, the immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS), have long been studied as pathologically deteriorating players in various CNS diseases. However, microglia exert ameliorating neuroprotective effects, which prompted us to reconsider their roles in CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) pathophysiology. Moreover, recent findings showed that microglia play critical roles even in the healthy CNS. The microglial functions that normally contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis in the CNS are modified by other cells, such as astrocytes and infiltrated myeloid cells; thus, the microglial actions on neurons are extremely complex. For a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of various diseases, including those of the PNS, it is important to understand microglial functioning. In this review, we discuss both the favorable and unfavorable roles of microglia in neuronal survival in various CNS and PNS disorders. We also discuss the roles of blood-borne macrophages in the pathogenesis of CNS and PNS injuries because they cooperatively modify the pathological processes of resident microglia. Finally, metabolic changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, with special reference to the pro-/anti-inflammatory activation of microglia, are intensively addressed, because they are profoundly correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species and changes in pro-/anti-inflammatory phenotypes.
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Cook AD;Pobjoy J;Steidl S;Dürr M;Braine EL;Turner AL;Lacey DC;Hamilton JA
通讯作者：
Hamilton JA
影响因子：
34.7
作者：
Brown, Guy C.;Neher, Jonas J.
通讯作者：
Neher, Jonas J.
DOI：
10.1007/bf00325030
发表时间：
1968-01-01
期刊：
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE
影响因子：
--
作者：
BLINZING.K;KREUTZBE.G
通讯作者：
KREUTZBE.G
影响因子：
9.3
作者：
DePaula-Silva, Ana Beatriz;Gorbea, Carlos;Fujinami, Robert S.
通讯作者：
Fujinami, Robert S.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Bombeiro, Andre Luis;Nunes Pereira, Bruna Toledo;Rodrigues de Oliveira, Alexandre Leite
通讯作者：
Rodrigues de Oliveira, Alexandre Leite