Cohesin cleavage and Cdk inhibition trigger formation of daughter nuclei.

Cohesin cleavage and Cdk inhibition trigger formation of daughter nuclei.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncb2018
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发表时间:
2010-02
影响因子:
21.3
通讯作者:
Nasmyth K
Nasmyth K
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oliveira RA;Hamilton RS;Pauli A;Davis I;Nasmyth K

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中期-后期转换是通过泛素蛋白连接酶(称为后期促进复合物或细胞周期体(APC/C))对许多蛋白质的蛋白水解来协调的。这一过程的一个关键方面是姐妹染色单体分离,这被认为是由分离酶介导的,分离酶是一种由APC/C激活的巯基蛋白酶。分离酶切割粘附素,一种捕获姐妹DNA的环状复合物。这是一个有争议的问题,是否也有助于姐妹染色单体凝聚力的凝聚素独立的力量。使用4D-活细胞成像的果蝇合胞体胚胎阻断中期(通过APC/C抑制),我们表明,人工粘连蛋白裂解是足以触发染色体分离。然而,这对于正确的染色体分离是不够的。当APC/C不能破坏有丝分裂的细胞周期蛋白时,在存在高细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1(Cdk 1)活性的情况下,由粘着蛋白裂解引起的张力损失会迅速使着丝粒-微管附着不稳定。中期染色体进行一个真正的后期时,结合蛋白裂解与Cdk 1抑制。我们的结论是,只有两个关键事件,开放的凝聚素环和下调Cdk 1,足以驱动适当的分离染色体在后期。
The metaphase-anaphase transition is orchestrated through proteolysis of numerous proteins by an ubiquitin protein ligase called the Anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C). A crucial aspect of this process is sister chromatid separation, which is thought to be mediated by separase, a thiol protease activated by the APC/C. Separase cleaves cohesin, a ring-shaped complex that entraps sister DNAs. It is a matter of debate whether cohesin-independent forces also contribute to sister chromatid cohesion. Using 4D-live-cell imaging of Drosophila syncytial embryos blocked in metaphase (via APC/C inhibition) we show that artificial cohesin cleavage is sufficient to trigger chromosome disjunction. This is nevertheless insufficient for correct chromosome segregation. Kinetochore-microtubule attachments are rapidly destabilized by the loss of tension caused by cohesin cleavage in the presence of high Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activity, as occurs when the APC/C cannot destroy mitotic cyclins. Metaphase chromosomes undergo a bona-fide anaphase when cohesin cleavage is combined with Cdk1 inhibition. We conclude that only two key events, opening of cohesin rings and down regulation of Cdk1, are sufficient to drive proper segregation of chromosomes in anaphase.
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