Dematerialization and the Circular Economy: Comparing Strategies to Reduce Material Impacts of the Consumer Electronic Product Ecosystem
Dematerialization and the Circular Economy: Comparing Strategies to Reduce Material Impacts of the Consumer Electronic Product Ecosystem
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非物质化和循环经济：减少消费电子产品生态系统物质影响的策略比较
DOI：
10.1111/jiec.12756
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Krock, Andrew K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasulaitis, Barbara V.;Babbitt, Callie W.;Krock, Andrew K.
快速的技术发展和消费电子产品的采用突显出，在技术变革和消费增加的交汇点上，越来越需要采用适应性方法来评估材料消耗。虽然非物质化和循环经济都被提出以缓解不断增加的材料消耗，但最近的研究表明，这些方法在实现净材料消耗方面可能无效：当专注于特定产品时，这些方法忽略了消费电子产品之间复杂的相互作用和不断增加的消费的影响。本文介绍的研究开发并应用了旨在评估整个“产品生态系统”的物质流动分析，从而包括消费增加、产品权衡和技术创新的影响。然后，结果被用来评估“自然”非物质化(随着技术进步或较小的产品取代较大的产品而发生)和CE(关闭二次材料供应和初级材料需求之间的循环)的潜在效果。结果显示，美国家庭常用的电子产品生态系统的材料消耗在2000年达到顶峰。这种消费依赖于越来越多样化的材料，包括黄金、钴和铟，对这些材料来说，二次供应仍然微不足道，特别是考虑到回收率很低，通常不到1%。还评估了材料“稀释”、“分散”和“需求不匹配”的潜在圆形指标，并表明旨在关闭消费电子材料循环的CE方法仍然面临几个关键障碍，特别是与设计和高效回收基础设施有关的障碍。
The rapid technological evolution and adoption of consumer electronics highlights a growing need for adaptive methodologies to evaluate material consumption at the intersection of technological change and increasing consumption. While dematerialization and the circular economy (CE) have both been proposed to mitigate increasing material consumption, recent research has shown that these methods may be ineffective at achieving net material use reduction: When focused on specific products, these methods neglect the effects of complex interactions among and increasing consumption of consumer electronic products. The research presented here develops and applies a material flow analysis aimed at evaluating an entire “product ecosystem,” thereby including the effects of increasing consumption, product trade‐offs, and technological innovations. Results are then used to evaluate the potential efficacy of “natural” dematerialization (occurring as technology advances or smaller products substitute for larger ones) and CE (closing the loop between secondary material supply and primary material demand). Results show that material consumption by the ecosystem of electronics commonly used by U.S. households peaked in 2000. This consumption relies on increasingly diverse materials, including gold, cobalt, and indium, for whom secondary supply is still negligible, particularly given low recovery rates, often less than 1%. Potential circularity metrics of material “dilution,” “dispersion,” and “demand mismatch” are also evaluated, and indicate that CE approaches aimed at closing the loop on consumer electronic material still face several critical barriers particularly related to design and efficient recycling infrastructure.
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