Molecular evolution of genes in avian genomes.

Molecular evolution of genes in avian genomes.
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DOI:
10.1186/gb-2010-11-6-r68
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
影响因子:
12.3
通讯作者:
Ellegren H
Ellegren H
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nam K;Mugal C;Nabholz B;Schielzeth H;Wolf JB;Backström N;Künstner A;Balakrishnan CN;Heger A;Ponting CP;Clayton DF;Ellegren H

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获得斑胸草雀(Taeniopygia guttata)的基因组序列草案,第二个鸟类基因组测序,提供了必要的资源,在非哺乳类脊椎动物谱系的基因序列进化的全基因组比较分析。为了分析鸟类进化过程中的基本分子进化过程,并将其与哺乳动物的情况进行对比,我们对鸡,斑胸草雀,蜥蜴和三种哺乳动物物种的8,384个1:1直系同源物的蛋白质编码序列进行了比对。我们发现明显的差异,在四倍退化网站的替代率,最低的祖先鸟血统,中间的鸡血统和最高的斑马雀血统,可能反映了世代时间的差异。我们确定了积极选择和/或快速进化的基因在鸟类谱系,并发现了几个功能类,包括阴离子转运活性,钙离子结合,细胞粘附和微管细胞骨架的过度代表。特别关注神经系统的兴趣和基因差异表达的鸣禽大脑的独特的发声控制核,我们发现了一些积极选择的基因,包括突触受体。我们没有发现证据表明,在重组率高的区域,选择有益等位基因的效率更高;事实上,ω和重组率之间存在微弱但显著的负相关性,如果轻微有害的突变有助于蛋白质进化,则这与Hill-Robertson效应预测的方向一致。这些发现为禽类基因的功能遗传学研究奠定了基础。
Obtaining a draft genome sequence of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), the second bird genome to be sequenced, provides the necessary resource for whole-genome comparative analysis of gene sequence evolution in a non-mammalian vertebrate lineage. To analyze basic molecular evolutionary processes during avian evolution, and to contrast these with the situation in mammals, we aligned the protein-coding sequences of 8,384 1:1 orthologs of chicken, zebra finch, a lizard and three mammalian species. We found clear differences in the substitution rate at fourfold degenerate sites, being lowest in the ancestral bird lineage, intermediate in the chicken lineage and highest in the zebra finch lineage, possibly reflecting differences in generation time. We identified positively selected and/or rapidly evolving genes in avian lineages and found an over-representation of several functional classes, including anion transporter activity, calcium ion binding, cell adhesion and microtubule cytoskeleton. Focusing specifically on genes of neurological interest and genes differentially expressed in the unique vocal control nuclei of the songbird brain, we find a number of positively selected genes, including synaptic receptors. We found no evidence that selection for beneficial alleles is more efficient in regions of high recombination; in fact, there was a weak yet significant negative correlation between ω and recombination rate, which is in the direction predicted by the Hill-Robertson effect if slightly deleterious mutations contribute to protein evolution. These findings set the stage for studies of functional genetics of avian genes.
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