Pathways and mechanisms linking dietary components to cardiometabolic disease: thinking beyond calories.
Pathways and mechanisms linking dietary components to cardiometabolic disease: thinking beyond calories.
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DOI：
10.1111/obr.12699
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Krauss RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stanhope KL;Goran MI;Bosy-Westphal A;King JC;Schmidt LA;Schwarz JM;Stice E;Sylvetsky AC;Turnbaugh PJ;Bray GA;Gardner CD;Havel PJ;Malik V;Mason AE;Ravussin E;Rosenbaum M;Welsh JA;Allister-Price C;Sigala DM;Greenwood MRC;Astrup A;Krauss RM
任何食物中的卡路里都有可能增加肥胖和心脏代谢疾病的风险，因为所有的卡路里都可以直接促进正能量平衡和脂肪增加。然而，各种饮食成分或模式可能会通过其他机制促进肥胖和心脏代谢疾病，这些机制不仅仅是由卡路里含量介导的。研究人员在2017年CrossFit基金会学术会议“饮食和心脏代谢健康-超越卡路里”上探讨了这一主题，本文总结了演讲和后续讨论。关于膳食脂肪、糖和非营养性甜味剂对健康的影响，得出的结论是，食物特有的饱和脂肪酸和含糖饮料通过其对正能量平衡的卡路里贡献之外的机制促进心脏代谢疾病，并且甜菊糖不会促进体重增加。详细介绍了进行和解释临床营养研究所面临的挑战，这些研究排除了更广泛的结论。新兴的研究探索对某些饮食成分/模式的反应受个体的代谢状态，发育期或基因型影响的可能性;与奖励食物线索相关的大脑区域的反应;或微生物组。更多关于这些潜在的“超越卡路里”机制的研究可能会导致减轻肥胖危机的新策略。
Calories from any food have the potential to increase risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease because all calories can directly contribute to positive energy balance and fat gain. However, various dietary components or patterns may promote obesity and cardiometabolic disease by additional mechanisms that are not mediated solely by caloric content. Researchers explored this topic at the 2017 CrossFit Foundation Academic Conference ‘Diet and Cardiometabolic Health – Beyond Calories’, and this paper summarizes the presentations and follow-up discussions. Regarding the health effects of dietary fat, sugar and non-nutritive sweeteners, it is concluded that food-specific saturated fatty acids and sugar-sweetened beverages promote cardiometabolic diseases by mechanisms that are additional to their contribution of calories to positive energy balance and that aspartame does not promote weight gain. The challenges involved in conducting and interpreting clinical nutritional research, which preclude more extensive conclusions, are detailed. Emerging research is presented exploring the possibility that responses to certain dietary components/patterns are influenced by the metabolic status, developmental period or genotype of the individual; by the responsiveness of brain regions associated with reward to food cues; or by the microbiome. More research regarding these potential ‘beyond calories’ mechanisms may lead to new strategies for attenuating the obesity crisis.
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