Carbohydrates great and small, from dietary fiber to sialic acids: How glycans influence the gut microbiome and affect human health.
Carbohydrates great and small, from dietary fiber to sialic acids: How glycans influence the gut microbiome and affect human health.
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DOI：
10.1080/19490976.2020.1869502
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.2
通讯作者：
Zengler K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coker JK;Moyne O;Rodionov DA;Zengler K
肠道微生物组的组成在很大程度上取决于饮食，并与人类健康密切相关。膳食碳水化合物通过为特定微生物提供有效的营养源来塑造肠道微生物组。这篇综述探讨了膳食碳水化合物，包括单个单糖和复合多糖，如何影响肠道微生物组，进而影响宿主健康和疾病。特别是，唾液酸，一个突出的和有影响力的一类单糖的影响，进行了讨论。复杂的植物碳水化合物，如膳食纤维，通常促进微生物产生对宿主有益的化合物，同时防止宿主碳水化合物从结肠粘液中降解。相比之下，简单且易于消化的糖（如葡萄糖）通常与对健康和微生物组的不利影响有关。唾液酸的单糖类对肠道微生物群产生强大但细微的影响。唾液酸消耗（以单糖形式，或作为人乳低聚糖或某些动物性食物的一部分）驱动具有唾液酸代谢能力的生物体的生长。Neu5Ac是唾液酸最常见的形式，其微小的化学修饰可以改变这些效应。因此，在设计改变肠道微生物组的饮食治疗策略时，碳水化合物组成的所有方面都需要考虑。
Gut microbiome composition depends heavily upon diet and has strong ties to human health. Dietary carbohydrates shape the gut microbiome by providing a potent nutrient source for particular microbes. This review explores how dietary carbohydrates in general, including individual monosaccharides and complex polysaccharides, influence the gut microbiome with subsequent effects on host health and disease. In particular, the effects of sialic acids, a prominent and influential class of monosaccharides, are discussed. Complex plant carbohydrates, such as dietary fiber, generally promote microbial production of compounds beneficial to the host while preventing degradation of host carbohydrates from colonic mucus. In contrast, simple and easily digestible sugars such as glucose are often associated with adverse effects on health and the microbiome. The monosaccharide class of sialic acids exerts a powerful but nuanced effect on gut microbiota. Sialic acid consumption (in monosaccharide form, or as part of human milk oligosaccharides or certain animal-based foods) drives the growth of organisms with sialic acid metabolism capabilities. Minor chemical modifications of Neu5Ac, the most common form of sialic acid, can alter these effects. All aspects of carbohydrate composition are therefore relevant to consider when designing dietary therapeutic strategies to alter the gut microbiome.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1002601107
发表时间：
2010-06-29
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Dominguez-Bello, Maria G.;Costello, Elizabeth K.;Knight, Rob
通讯作者：
Knight, Rob
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Alwahsh, Salamah Mohammad;Xu, Min;Schultze, Frank Christian
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Schultze, Frank Christian
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Bergfeld, Anne K.;Pearce, Oliver M. T.;Varki, Ajit
通讯作者：
Varki, Ajit
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Brigham, Christopher;Caughlan, Ruth;Malamy, Michael H.
通讯作者：
Malamy, Michael H.
DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.5.g922
发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Atuma, C;Strugala, V;Holm, L
通讯作者：
Holm, L