The biology of the PmrA/PmrB two-component system: the major regulator of lipopolysaccharide modifications.

The biology of the PmrA/PmrB two-component system: the major regulator of lipopolysaccharide modifications.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-micro-092412-155751
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
10.5
通讯作者:
Groisman EA
Groisman EA
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen HD;Groisman EA

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The ability of Gram-negative bacteria to resist killing by antimicrobial agents and to avoid detection by host immune systems often entails modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The PmrA/PmrB two-component system is the major regulator of these modifications. In this review, we describe the signals that activate the PmrA/PmrB system and the PmrA-regulated gene products that mediate chemical decoration of the LPS in the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica. We then discuss the variety of feedback mechanisms that modulate the activity and thus the output of the PmrA/PmrB system, dictating when, where and to what extent bacteria modify their LPS. Finally, we explore how the evolution of orthologous PmrA/PmrB regulatory circuits among closely related bacteria has led to qualitative and quantitative differences in gene expression outputs, promoting survival in distinct ecological niches.
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