Alcohol consumption, alcohol outlets, and the risk of being assaulted with a gun.
Alcohol consumption, alcohol outlets, and the risk of being assaulted with a gun.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00912.x
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发表时间：
2009-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wiebe DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Branas CC;Elliott MR;Richmond TS;Culhane DP;Wiebe DJ
我们进行了一项以人群为基础的病例对照研究，以更好地描述个人饮酒、周围环境中的酒类销售点和被枪袭击之间的关系。从2003年到2006年，在整个费城进行了一项发病密度抽样病例对照研究。我们招募了677例在袭击中被枪杀的病例和684例基于人群的对照。分析了两个自变量的兴趣，饮酒量和酒精出口的可用性，和被用枪袭击的结果之间的关系。使用条件logistic回归来调整许多混杂变量。调整后，重度饮酒者在袭击中被枪杀的可能性是不饮酒者的2.67倍（p < 0.10），而轻度饮酒者在袭击中被枪杀的风险与不饮酒者相比并没有显著增加。回归调整分析还表明，在一个区域的高场外酒精出口的可用性显着增加了2.00倍的风险被枪杀的攻击（p < 0.05）。在一个区域内的高前提酒精出口可用性并没有显着改变这种风险。在非酒精销售点高的地区，酗酒者在袭击中被枪杀的可能性是9.34倍（p < 0.05）。这项研究发现，枪支袭击的风险，个人谁是附近的非前提酒精出口是大约相同的，或统计学上大于他们从大量饮酒所产生的风险。大量饮酒和靠近户外商店的组合导致的风险比单独的任何一个因素都要大。相比之下，少量饮酒和靠近酒店内的酒类销售点与枪支袭击的风险增加无关。城市应考虑解决与酒精有关的因素，特别是场外销售点，作为减少枪支暴力的高度可修改和政治上可行的方法。
We conducted a population-based case–control study to better delineate the relationship between individual alcohol consumption, alcohol outlets in the surrounding environment, and being assaulted with a gun. An incidence density sampled case–control study was conducted in the entire city of Philadelphia from 2003 to 2006. We enrolled 677 cases that had been shot in an assault and 684 population-based controls. The relationships between 2 independent variables of interest, alcohol consumption and alcohol outlet availability, and the outcome of being assaulted with a gun were analyzed. Conditional logistic regression was used to adjust for numerous confounding variables. After adjustment, heavy drinkers were 2.67 times as likely to be shot in an assault when compared with nondrinkers (p < 0.10) while light drinkers were not at significantly greater risk of being shot in an assault when compared with nondrinkers. Regression-adjusted analyses also demonstrated that being in an area of high off-premise alcohol outlet availability significantly increased the risk of being shot in an assault by 2.00 times (p < 0.05). Being in an area of high on-premise alcohol outlet availability did not significantly change this risk. Heavy drinkers in areas of high off-premise alcohol outlet availability were 9.34 times (p < 0.05) as likely to be shot in an assault. This study finds that the gun assault risk to individuals who are near off-premise alcohol outlets is about the same as or statistically greater than the risk they incur from heavy drinking. The combination of heavy drinking and being near off-premise outlets resulted in greater risk than either factor alone. By comparison, light drinking and being near on-premise alcohol outlets were not associated with increased risks for gun assault. Cities should consider addressing alcohol-related factors, especially off-premise outlets, as highly modifiable and politically feasible approaches to reducing gun violence.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Gorman, DM;Labouvie, EW;Subaiya, AP
通讯作者：
Subaiya, AP
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Alaniz, ML;Cartmill, RS;Parker, RN
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Cummings, P;Koepsell, TD;Thompson, RS
通讯作者：
Thompson, RS
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02290.x
发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
Carpenter, JA
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
FELSON, RB;STEADMAN, HJ
通讯作者：
STEADMAN, HJ