Rapid evolution of microbe-mediated protection against pathogens in a worm host.
Rapid evolution of microbe-mediated protection against pathogens in a worm host.
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2015.259
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发表时间：
2016-08
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--
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微生物可以保护宿主免受毒力感染，但缺乏直接证据证明微生物介导的保护是适应性起源的。利用一种新的三方相互作用的实验进化，我们证明了生活在蠕虫(线虫)中的轻度致病细菌(粪肠球菌)迅速进化，以保护他们的动物宿主免受更强的病原体(金黄色葡萄球菌)的感染，跨越了寄生-互惠关系的连续体。宿主保护在所有六个独立选择的种群中进化，以响应宿主内细菌的相互作用，而不是为了宿主健康而直接选择。微生物介导的保护也对广泛的致病金黄色葡萄球菌分离株有效。基因组分析表明，粪肠球菌介导的保护的机制基础是通过增加抗菌剂超氧化物的产生，这一点得到了生化分析的证实。我们的结果表明，生活在宿主内的微生物可能会在进化过程中向互惠共生过渡，以响应病原体的攻击，微生物群的进化值得考虑作为感染结果的驱动因素。
Microbes can defend their host against virulent infections, but direct evidence for the adaptive origin of microbe-mediated protection is lacking. Using experimental evolution of a novel, tripartite interaction, we demonstrate that mildly pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) living in worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) rapidly evolved to defend their animal hosts against infection by a more virulent pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus), crossing the parasitism–mutualism continuum. Host protection evolved in all six, independently selected populations in response to within-host bacterial interactions and without direct selection for host health. Microbe-mediated protection was also effective against a broad spectrum of pathogenic S. aureus isolates. Genomic analysis implied that the mechanistic basis for E. faecalis-mediated protection was through increased production of antimicrobial superoxide, which was confirmed by biochemical assays. Our results indicate that microbes living within a host may make the evolutionary transition to mutualism in response to pathogen attack, and that microbiome evolution warrants consideration as a driver of infection outcome.
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