RIN4 functions with plasma membrane H+-ATPases to regulate stomatal apertures during pathogen attack.
RIN4 functions with plasma membrane H+-ATPases to regulate stomatal apertures during pathogen attack.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1000139
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发表时间：
2009-06-30
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Coaker G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu J;Elmore JM;Fuglsang AT;Palmgren MG;Staskawicz BJ;Coaker G
在植物中，蛋白质Rin4与质膜H+- atp酶一起调节病原体进入和先天免疫反应，部分通过调节气孔关闭。植物先天免疫系统对病原体的感知对植物的生存和生产力至关重要。拟南芥蛋白RIN4是植物免疫的负调控因子。为了鉴定参与RIN4介导的免疫信号转导的其他蛋白，我们纯化了RIN4蛋白复合物的组分。我们鉴定了六个以前未涉及RIN4信号传导的新蛋白，包括质膜（PM） H+- atp酶AHA1和/或AHA2。在体外和体内，RIN4均与AHA1和AHA2相互作用。RIN4过表达和敲除系表现出不同的PM H+- atp酶活性。PM H+- atp酶激活诱导气孔打开，使细菌进入植物叶片；失活诱导气孔关闭，从而限制细菌入侵。rin4敲除系显示PM H+- atp酶活性降低，重要的是，其气孔不能被强毒的丁香假单胞菌重新打开。我们还证明了RIN4在保护细胞中表达，强调了这种细胞类型在先天免疫中的重要性。这些结果表明，拟南芥蛋白RIN4与PM H+- atp酶一起调节气孔开度，在感染过程中抑制细菌病原体进入植物叶片。植物不断地暴露在微生物中。为了抵抗感染，植物依靠其先天免疫系统来抑制病原体的进入和繁殖。我们研究了拟南芥蛋白RIN4的功能，该蛋白作为植物先天免疫的负调节因子。我们通过生化鉴定了6个新的RIN4相关蛋白，并表征了RIN4与质膜H+- atp酶泵之间的关联。我们的研究结果表明，在先天免疫反应中，当气孔关闭以阻止细菌病原体进入叶片内部时，RIN4与该泵一起调节叶片气孔。
In plants, the protein Rin4 acts with the plasma membrane H+-ATPase to regulate pathogen entry and the innate immune response, in part, through the regulation of stomatal closure. Pathogen perception by the plant innate immune system is of central importance to plant survival and productivity. The Arabidopsis protein RIN4 is a negative regulator of plant immunity. In order to identify additional proteins involved in RIN4-mediated immune signal transduction, we purified components of the RIN4 protein complex. We identified six novel proteins that had not previously been implicated in RIN4 signaling, including the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases AHA1 and/or AHA2. RIN4 interacts with AHA1 and AHA2 both in vitro and in vivo. RIN4 overexpression and knockout lines exhibit differential PM H+-ATPase activity. PM H+-ATPase activation induces stomatal opening, enabling bacteria to gain entry into the plant leaf; inactivation induces stomatal closure thus restricting bacterial invasion. The rin4 knockout line exhibited reduced PM H+-ATPase activity and, importantly, its stomata could not be re-opened by virulent Pseudomonas syringae. We also demonstrate that RIN4 is expressed in guard cells, highlighting the importance of this cell type in innate immunity. These results indicate that the Arabidopsis protein RIN4 functions with the PM H+-ATPase to regulate stomatal apertures, inhibiting the entry of bacterial pathogens into the plant leaf during infection. Plants are continuously exposed to microorganisms. In order to resist infection, plants rely on their innate immune system to inhibit both pathogen entry and multiplication. We investigated the function of the Arabidopsis protein RIN4, which acts as a negative regulator of plant innate immunity. We biochemically identified six novel RIN4-associated proteins and characterized the association between RIN4 and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase pump. Our results indicate that RIN4 functions in concert with this pump to regulate leaf stomata during the innate immune response, when stomata close to block the entry of bacterial pathogens into the leaf interior.
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