The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat.
The nature and distribution of affiliative behaviour during exposure to mild threat.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.170265
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发表时间：
2017-08
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Dahl CD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dezecache G;Grèzes J;Dahl CD
人类对危险的个体反应通常被描述为反社会和自我保护。然而，50多年的研究表明，人类在面临危险时往往会寻求社会伙伴，并表现出亲社会的行为。这项研究依赖于事后的口头报告，无法捕捉到对危险的更自发的反应，并确定其社会性质。现实世界对危险的反应很难观察到，因为它们具有转瞬即逝的性质。在这里，我们利用了一系列照片，这些照片可以在网上免费获得，并由一个鬼屋景点提供，这使我们能够研究对轻微威胁的更直接的反应。关于亲和行为的性质和结构及其动机相关性，我们能够分析抓握的分布，这种行为可能与自我或他人导向的保护有关。我们发现，抓握是一种亲和行为，很常见，暗示了人类对危险的即时反应的社会本质。我们还发现，虽然抓握行为在群体规模上相当稳定，但随着群体规模的增加，相互抓握急剧下降。事实上，当可用的合作伙伴数量增加时，相互紧握消失，这表明紧握行为很可能反映了自我保护的动机。我们还发现了年龄段的差异，年轻人表现出更多的吸引力，但很少得到回报。此外，接触最多的人几乎没有相互吸引。总之，这些结果表明，人类对威胁的主要反应是由服务于自我保护动机的亲和倾向驱动的。
Individual reactions to danger in humans are often characterized as antisocial and self-preservative. Yet, more than 50 years of research have shown that humans often seek social partners and behave prosocially when confronted by danger. This research has relied on post hoc verbal reports, which fall short of capturing the more spontaneous reactions to danger and determine their social nature. Real-world responses to danger are difficult to observe, due to their evanescent nature. Here, we took advantage of a series of photographs freely accessible online and provided by a haunted house attraction, which enabled us to examine the more immediate reactions to mild threat. Regarding the nature and structure of affiliative behaviour and their motivational correlates, we were able to analyse the distribution of gripping, a behaviour that could either be linked to self- or other-oriented protection. We found that gripping, an affiliative behaviour, was common, suggestive of the social nature of human immediate reactions to danger. We also found that, while gripping behaviour is quite stable across group sizes, mutual gripping dropped dramatically as group size increases. The fact that mutual gripping disappears when the number of available partners increases suggests that gripping behaviour most probably reflects a self-preservative motivation. We also found age class differences, with younger individuals showing more gripping but receiving little reciprocation. Also, the most exposed individuals received little mutual gripping. Altogether, these results suggest that primary reactions to threat in humans are driven by affiliative tendencies serving self-preservative motives.
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