Patterns of cooperation during collective emergencies in the help-or-escape social dilemma.
Patterns of cooperation during collective emergencies in the help-or-escape social dilemma.
复制标题
在帮助社会困境中的集体紧急情况下合作的模式。
DOI：
10.1038/srep33417
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发表时间：
2016-09-15
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Trauernicht M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moussaïd M;Trauernicht M
虽然合作是许多社会系统组织的核心，但人们对集体紧急情况下的合作知之甚少。当一群人逃离危险时，如燃烧的建筑物或恐怖袭击，合作的集体利益很重要，但帮助的成本很高，叛逃的诱惑很强。为了探索在紧急情况下的合作程度，我们开发了一个新的社会游戏，帮助或逃脱的社会困境。在时间和金钱压力下，玩家决定为了帮助他人而愿意承担多大的风险。结果表明，玩家在紧急情况下和在正常情况下一样冒险帮助他人。在这两种情况下，大多数参与者都采用了平等主义的启发式方法，并帮助其他人，直到他们成功的机会与团队的机会相等。然而，这种策略在紧急情况下效率较低，因为时间压力的增加导致得到帮助的人较少。此外，紧急情况往往会放大参与者最初的合作倾向，亲社会者变得更加合作，个人主义者变得更加自私。我们的框架为研究人类合作提供了新的机会，并可以帮助当局在大规模紧急情况下更好地管理人群行为。
Although cooperation is central to the organisation of many social systems, relatively little is known about cooperation in situations of collective emergency. When groups of people flee from a danger such as a burning building or a terrorist attack, the collective benefit of cooperation is important, but the cost of helping is high and the temptation to defect is strong. To explore the degree of cooperation in emergencies, we develop a new social game, the help-or-escape social dilemma. Under time and monetary pressure, players decide how much risk they are willing to take in order to help others. Results indicated that players took as much risk to help others during emergencies as they did under normal conditions. In both conditions, most players applied an egalitarian heuristic and helped others until their chance of success equalled that of the group. This strategy is less efficient during emergencies, however, because the increased time pressure results in fewer people helped. Furthermore, emergencies tend to amplify participants’ initial tendency to cooperate, with prosocials becoming even more cooperative and individualists becoming even more selfish. Our framework offers new opportunities to study human cooperation and could help authorities to better manage crowd behaviours during mass emergencies.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Faria, Jolyon J.;Krause, Stefan;Krause, Jens
通讯作者：
Krause, Jens
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1421883112
发表时间：
2015-05-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Moussaid, Mehdi;Brighton, Henry;Gaissmaier, Wolfgang
通讯作者：
Gaissmaier, Wolfgang
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Perc, Matjaz
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Dawes, Christopher T.;Fowler, James H.;Smirnov, Oleg
通讯作者：
Smirnov, Oleg
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Rand, David G.;Peysakhovich, Alexander;Greene, Joshua D.
通讯作者：
Greene, Joshua D.