Which “culture”? A critical analysis of intercultural communication in engineering education

Which “culture”? A critical analysis of intercultural communication in engineering education
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工程教育中跨文化交流的批判性分析

DOI:
10.1002/jee.20254
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Y.
Y.
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Handford;M.;Van Maele;J.;Matous;P.;Maemura;Y.

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背景人们越来越认识到,当今的工程师需要在复杂的跨文化全球环境中工作,技术专长对于他们来说是不够的。因此,本文探讨了文化概念在工程教育中通常如何运作,并讨论了这种方法的可能原因。目的/假设本文探讨的具体研究问题是“文化在工程教育中如何概念化?”设计/方法为了研究这个以前未提出的问题,开发了一种混合方法,该方法同时使用定量和定性工具。更具体地说,我们对 2000 年至 2015 年间发表在领先学术期刊上的相关工程教育文章进行了语料库辅助的话语分析,并结合了对每篇文章的仔细阅读和对两篇代表性文章的批判性讨论。结果我们的研究结果表明,首先,考虑到工程专业的多学科、多样化和全球性,跨文化交流尚未得到应有的重视。此外,当讨论跨文化问题时,主要的方法是本质主义的,这意味着文化被认为是给定的(而不是构建的),根据国家之间的差异来构建,并可能为个人行为提供因果解释。这种方法因强化刻板思维和对复杂问题提供简单化答案而受到批评。结论我们首先探讨了工程教育中“既定文化”方法相对广泛接受的原因,然后敦促教育工作者采用“小文化”方法来构建工程文化,最后提出了发展跨文化交际能力的替代方法。
BackgroundIt is increasingly acknowledged that technical expertise is not sufficient for engineers today, given the complex intercultural global contexts in which they are required to work. This article, therefore, examines how the concept of culture is typically operationalized in engineering education and discusses possible reasons for this approach.Purpose/HypothesisThe specific research question explored here is “How is culture conceptualized in engineering education?”Design/MethodTo examine this previously unasked question, a mixed‐methods methodology was developed, one that uses both quantitative and qualitative tools. More specifically, a corpus‐assisted discourse analysis of relevant engineering education articles published in leading academic journals between 2000 and 2015 was combined with a close reading of each and a critical discussion of two representative articles.ResultsOur findings reveal that, first, intercultural communication has not received the attention it deserves, given the multidisciplinary, diverse, global nature of the engineering profession. Furthermore, when intercultural concerns are discussed, the predominant approach is essentialist, meaning that culture is regarded as given (rather than constructed), framed in terms of differences between nations and potentially offering a causal explanation for individual behavior. This approach has been criticized for reinforcing stereotypical thinking and offering simplistic answers to complex problems.ConclusionsWe conclude by exploring reasons for the relatively wide‐spread acceptance of the “culture‐as‐given” approach in engineering education, then by urging educators to adopt a “small culture” approach for constructing culture in engineering, and finally by suggesting alternative ways for developing intercultural communicative competence.
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