Homeownership and Wealth in Switzerland and Germany

Homeownership and Wealth in Switzerland and Germany
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瑞士和德国的住房拥有率和财富

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-89557-4_12
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Markus
Markus
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ursina;Grabka;Markus

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尽管财富是社会不平等的一个核心维度,但科学界对财富不平等的关注相对较新(例如,OECD 2015)。多项研究指出,在住房拥有率较低的国家,财富不平等尤为严重(Kaas 等人,2015 年;Mathä 等人,2014 年)。在这篇文章中,我们重点关注瑞士和德国的住房拥有率和财富,这两个国家的自住业主比例是欧洲最低的,分别约为 40% 和 50% 的家庭。其他欧洲国家的所有权率超过 90%,例如罗马尼亚、立陶宛或匈牙利(欧盟统计局,2015 年)。然而,即使在瑞士和德国,房地产仍然是最重要的财富组成部分(Grabka 2014;瑞士联邦统计局 2014)。住房拥有率不仅与财富不平等有关,还与平均净资产有关。对于住房拥有率和财富之间的关系有不同的解释。首先,只有相对富裕的家庭才有可能购买自己的房屋。由于房地产通常是最有价值的资产类别,因此低拥有率意味着个人和国家层面的净财富价值较低(Kaas 等,2015)。其次,住房所有权已被证明对储蓄行为有积极影响(例如,Di et al. 2007),从而有助于提高财富水平和降低财富不平等。强制偿还抵押贷款是定期储蓄的重要驱动力。三、降低
Although wealth is a central dimension of social inequalities, scientific attention to wealth inequality is relatively recent (eg, OECD 2015). Several studies have pointed out that wealth inequality is particularly high in countries with low homeownership rates (Kaas et al. 2015; Mathä et al. 2014). In this contribution, we focus on homeownership and wealth in Switzerland and Germany, which show the lowest proportion of owner-occupiers in Europe with about 40% and 50% of households, respectively. Other European countries have ownership rates of more than 90%, for example, in Romania, Lithuania or Hungary (Eurostat 2015). Nevertheless, real estate represents the most important wealth component, even in Switzerland and Germany (Grabka 2014; Swiss Federal Statistical Office 2014).Homeownership is not only related to wealth inequality but also to average net worth. There are different explanations for the relationship between homeownership and wealth. First of all, only relatively wealthy households might be able to purchase their own home. Because real estate is typically the most valuable asset category, low ownership rates translate into low values for net wealth at the individual and the country level (Kaas et al. 2015). Secondly, house ownership has shown to have a positive effect on saving behaviour (eg, Di et al. 2007) and thus contributes to higher wealth levels and lower wealth inequality. The forced repayments of mortgages are an important driver for regular savings. Thirdly, lower
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