Addressing Global Ruminant Agricultural Challenges Through Understanding the Rumen Microbiome: Past, Present, and Future.
Addressing Global Ruminant Agricultural Challenges Through Understanding the Rumen Microbiome: Past, Present, and Future.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.02161
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Morgavi DP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huws SA;Creevey CJ;Oyama LB;Mizrahi I;Denman SE;Popova M;Muñoz-Tamayo R;Forano E;Waters SM;Hess M;Tapio I;Smidt H;Krizsan SJ;Yáñez-Ruiz DR;Belanche A;Guan L;Gruninger RJ;McAllister TA;Newbold CJ;Roehe R;Dewhurst RJ;Snelling TJ;Watson M;Suen G;Hart EH;Kingston-Smith AH;Scollan ND;do Prado RM;Pilau EJ;Mantovani HC;Attwood GT;Edwards JE;McEwan NR;Morrisson S;Mayorga OL;Elliott C;Morgavi DP
瘤胃是一个由厌氧菌、原生动物、真菌、产甲烷古菌和厌氧微生物组成的复杂生态系统。这些微生物密切相互作用，分解人类无法消化的植物材料，同时为宿主提供代谢能量，在古细菌的情况下，产生甲烷。因此，反刍动物生产的肉和奶富含优质蛋白质、维生素和矿物质，因此有助于粮食安全。由于预计到2050年世界人口将达到约97亿，尽管土地有限，但仍有必要增加反刍动物产量以满足全球蛋白质需求，同时确保环境影响最小化。虽然具有挑战性，但这些目标可以实现，但取决于我们对瘤胃微生物组的理解。操纵瘤胃微生物组以应对全球农业挑战的尝试已经持续了几十年，但成功有限，这主要是由于缺乏对这种微生物组的详细了解，以及我们在瘤胃外培养大多数微生物的能力有限。通过动物育种和在生命早期引入饮食干预来操纵瘤胃微生物组和应对全球畜牧业挑战的潜力最近已成为有前途的新技术。我们无法以高通量的方式对反刍动物进行表型也阻碍了进展，尽管最近“组学”数据的增加可能允许进一步开发数学模型和瘤胃微生物基因生物标志物作为代理。计算工具、高通量测序技术和不依赖于培养的“组学”方法的进步继续彻底改变我们对瘤胃微生物组的理解。这将最终提供解决当前和未来反刍家畜挑战所需的知识框架。
The rumen is a complex ecosystem composed of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, fungi, methanogenic archaea and phages. These microbes interact closely to breakdown plant material that cannot be digested by humans, whilst providing metabolic energy to the host and, in the case of archaea, producing methane. Consequently, ruminants produce meat and milk, which are rich in high-quality protein, vitamins and minerals, and therefore contribute to food security. As the world population is predicted to reach approximately 9.7 billion by 2050, an increase in ruminant production to satisfy global protein demand is necessary, despite limited land availability, and whilst ensuring environmental impact is minimized. Although challenging, these goals can be met, but depend on our understanding of the rumen microbiome. Attempts to manipulate the rumen microbiome to benefit global agricultural challenges have been ongoing for decades with limited success, mostly due to the lack of a detailed understanding of this microbiome and our limited ability to culture most of these microbes outside the rumen. The potential to manipulate the rumen microbiome and meet global livestock challenges through animal breeding and introduction of dietary interventions during early life have recently emerged as promising new technologies. Our inability to phenotype ruminants in a high-throughput manner has also hampered progress, although the recent increase in “omic” data may allow further development of mathematical models and rumen microbial gene biomarkers as proxies. Advances in computational tools, high-throughput sequencing technologies and cultivation-independent “omics” approaches continue to revolutionize our understanding of the rumen microbiome. This will ultimately provide the knowledge framework needed to solve current and future ruminant livestock challenges.
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影响因子：
15.5
作者：
Auffret MD;Dewhurst RJ;Duthie CA;Rooke JA;John Wallace R;Freeman TC;Stewart R;Watson M;Roehe R
通讯作者：
Roehe R
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Abram, Florence;Gunnigle, Eoin;O'Flaherty, Vincent
通讯作者：
O'Flaherty, Vincent
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Auffret MD;Stewart R;Dewhurst RJ;Duthie CA;Rooke JA;Wallace RJ;Freeman TC;Snelling TJ;Watson M;Roehe R
通讯作者：
Roehe R
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Abecia, L.;Toral, P. G.;Yanez-Ruiz, D. R.
通讯作者：
Yanez-Ruiz, D. R.
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Aite, Meaziane;Chevallier, Marie;Siegel, Anne
通讯作者：
Siegel, Anne