The capacity of target silencing by Drosophila PIWI and piRNAs.

The capacity of target silencing by Drosophila PIWI and piRNAs.
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DOI:
10.1261/rna.046300.114
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发表时间:
2014-12
期刊:
RNA (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lau NC
Lau NC
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Post C;Clark JP;Sytnikova YA;Chirn GW;Lau NC

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尽管 Piwi 蛋白和 Piwi 相互作用 RNA (piRNA) 在基因上抑制转座元件 (TE),但目前尚不清楚高度多样化的 piRNA 群体如何引导 Piwi 蛋白沉默 TE 靶标而不沉默整个转录组。为了确定 piRNA 介导的沉默的能力,我们将报告基因引入表达 microRNA (miRNA) 和 piRNA 的果蝇 OSS 细胞中,并将 Piwi 途径与 Argonaute 途径在基因调控方面进行比较。含有几个被 miRNA 强力沉默的靶位点的报告基因构建体并没有被 piRNA 沉默到相同程度。然而,我们设计的另一组报告基因使大量 TE 导向的 piRNA 和基因 piRNA 能够结合,却被 OSS 细胞中的 PIWI/piRNA 复合物强烈沉默。这些报告基因表明,需要大量 piRNA 与报告基因的转录本配对,而不是与报告基因的 DNA 序列配对才能参与 PIWI 介导的沉默。在对 OSS 细胞中 PIWI 调节靶标进行全基因组研究后,我们使用报告平台评估了候选基因元件。这些结果表明 TE 序列是最直接的 PIWI 调控靶标,而编码基因受 PIWI 靶向的直接影响较小。最后,我们的研究表明,PIWI 转录沉默机制会在具有足够 piRNA 结合的靶标上触发强烈的染色质变化,并优先调节 TE 转录本,因为蛋白质编码转录本缺乏 piRNA 群体靶向的阈值。该报告平台将有助于未来对 PIWI 靶向机制的剖析。
Although Piwi proteins and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) genetically repress transposable elements (TEs), it is unclear how the highly diverse piRNA populations direct Piwi proteins to silence TE targets without silencing the entire transcriptome. To determine the capacity of piRNA-mediated silencing, we introduced reporter genes into Drosophila OSS cells, which express microRNAs (miRNAs) and piRNAs, and compared the Piwi pathway to the Argonaute pathway in gene regulation. Reporter constructs containing several target sites that were robustly silenced by miRNAs were not silenced to the same degrees by piRNAs. However, another set of reporters we designed to enable a large number of both TE-directed and genic piRNAs to bind were robustly silenced by the PIWI/piRNA complex in OSS cells. These reporters show that a bulk of piRNAs are required to pair to the reporter's transcripts and not the reporter's DNA sequence to engage PIWI-mediated silencing. Following our genome-wide study of PIWI-regulated targets in OSS cells, we assessed candidate gene elements with our reporter platform. These results suggest TE sequences are the most direct of PIWI regulatory targets while coding genes are less directly affected by PIWI targeting. Finally, our study suggests that the PIWI transcriptional silencing mechanism triggers robust chromatin changes on targets with sufficient piRNA binding, and preferentially regulates TE transcripts because protein-coding transcripts lack a threshold of targeting by piRNA populations. This reporter platform will facilitate future dissections of the PIWI-targeting mechanism.
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