Heterogeneity in coal composition and implications for lung cancer risk in Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties, China.
Heterogeneity in coal composition and implications for lung cancer risk in Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties, China.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.019
复制
发表时间：
2014-07
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Vermeulen, Roel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Downward, George S.;Hu, Wei;Large, David;Veld, Harry;Xu, Jun;Reiss, Boris;Wu, Guoping;Wei, Fusheng;Chapman, Robert S.;Rothman, Nat;Qing, Lan;Vermeulen, Roel
中国云南省宣威县和富源县是全国肺癌发病率最高的两个县之一。这与烟煤（称为“冒烟”煤）的家庭燃烧有关。此外，已观察到无烟煤使用者之间癌症发病率的显著地理差异，表明燃料来源组成和/或燃烧特性的异质性。迄今为止的研究表明，煤烟排放高水平的多环芳烃（PAHs），并含有高浓度的细粒结晶石英，然而，这项研究的大部分是有限的样本量和地理范围。为了更全面地了解宣威和抚远地区无烟煤和有烟煤的地球化学和元素组成，我们在该地区进行了大规模的家庭暴露评估研究。燃料样品代表有烟和“无烟”（无烟煤，该地区的主要替代煤种）煤收集了137个家庭在宣威和抚远。岩石评估，Leco-CS，XRF分析和电子显微镜分别用于确定碳氢化合物含量（代表挥发性有机化合物），主要和微量元素组成和矿物组成。通过Kruskal-Wallis检验评估煤类型之间和煤类型内的煤特性的异质性。分析了145个煤样（116个无烟煤和29个无烟煤）。无烟煤和无烟煤的碳氢化合物含量，硫，微量元素和矿物组成方面的统计学显着差异进行了观察。值得注意的是，与无烟煤相比，无烟煤所含的挥发性有机物是无烟煤的5至15倍，石英（包括可吸入石英）是无烟煤的两倍。与无烟煤相比，无烟煤的微量元素（加上铝）含量一般较低。不同地理区域的烟煤样品在碳氢化合物含量和元素组成（包括铝和硅）方面也存在显著差异。本文确定了宣威和富源无烟煤之间和无烟煤内部的成分差异。无烟煤中铝与硅的比例降低表明游离二氧化硅升高，这一发现与观察到的较高水平的石英一致。高挥发性有机物含量的无烟煤（与无烟煤相比）是与地球化学的预期有烟和无烟煤。这些发现也反映了以前的观测结果，即该地区的煤烟挥发性化合物排放量（特别是多环芳烃）增加。煤种之间和煤种内部煤成分的观察到的异质性可能导致在该地区观察到的癌症风险的观察到的异质性。
Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties in Yunnan Province, China have among the highest lung cancer rates in the country. This has been associated with the domestic combustion of bituminous coal (referred to as “smoky” coal). Additionally, significant geographical variation in cancer rates among smoky coal users has been observed, suggesting heterogeneity in fuel source composition and/or combustion characteristics. Research thus far has indicated that smoky coal emits high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and contains high concentrations of fine grained crystalline quartz, however, much of this research is limited in terms of sample size and geographic scope. In order to more fully characterise geochemical and elemental compositions of smoky and smokeless coal use in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, we carried out a large exposure assessment study in households in this region. Fuel samples representing smoky and “smokeless” (anthracite, the major alternative coal type in the region) coals were collected from 137 homes in Xuanwei and Fuyuan. Rock-Eval, Leco-CS, XRF analysis and electron microscopy were used to establish hydrocarbon content (to represent volatile organic compounds), major and trace element composition and mineral composition respectively. Heterogeneity in coal characteristics between and within coal types was assessed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. 145 coal samples (116 smoky and 29 smokeless coals) were analysed. Statistically significant differences between smoky and smokeless coals with regard to hydrocarbon content, sulfur, trace elements and mineral composition were observed. Of note, smoky coal contained between 5 and 15 times the amount of volatile organic matter and twice the amount of quartz (including respirable quartz) than smokeless coal. Smoky coal generally had lower levels of trace elements (plus aluminium) than smokeless coal. Significant variation was also observed between smoky coal samples from different geographical areas with regard to hydrocarbon content and elemental composition (including aluminium and silicon). This paper has identified compositional differences between and within smoky and smokeless coals sourced from Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties. A decreased ratio of aluminium to silicon in smoky coal suggests elevated free silica, a finding consistent with observed higher levels of quartz. Elevated volatile organic matter content in smoky coal (when compared to smokeless coal) is consistent with the geochemical expectations for smoky and smokeless coals. These findings also reflect previous observations of elevated volatile compound emissions (notably PAHs) from smoky coal in the area. The observed heterogeneity in coal composition between and within coal types may provide leads to the observed heterogeneity in cancer risk observed in this area.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Laumann, S.;Micic, V.;Hofmann, T.
通讯作者：
Hofmann, T.
DOI：
10.1080/00039896.1988.9935850
发表时间：
1988-03-01
期刊：
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
影响因子：
--
作者：
CHAPMAN, RS;MUMFORD, JL;YANG, RD
通讯作者：
YANG, RD
DOI：
10.1080/09603123.2012.684147
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Hosgood HD;Vermeulen R;Wei H;Reiss B;Coble J;Wei F;Jun X;Wu G;Rothman N;Lan Q
通讯作者：
Lan Q
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Dai, Shifeng;Tian, Linwei;Ren, Deyi
通讯作者：
Ren, Deyi
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
MUMFORD, JL;CHAPMAN, RS;LI, XM
通讯作者：
LI, XM