Individual and social factors affecting the ability of American crows to solve and master a string pulling task.
Individual and social factors affecting the ability of American crows to solve and master a string pulling task.
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DOI：
10.1111/eth.12980
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Marzluff JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pendergraft LT;Lehnert AL;Marzluff JM
乌鸦和鸦科的其他鸟类经常分享信息，以了解危险捕食者的身份和下落，但它们能利用社会学习来解决一个新的任务，以获得食物奖励吗？在这里，我们研究了影响27个野生捕获的美国乌鸦在实验室环境中解决一个常见的拉绳任务的能力的因素。我们将乌鸦分成两组;一组在反复观察同种模型的解决方案后完成任务，另一组在没有同种模型的情况下解决。我们记录了乌鸦的估计年龄，性别，大小，身体状况，紧张程度，以及使用来自CT扫描的DICOM图像的脑容量。虽然这些变量都没有统计学意义，乌鸦没有一个同种模型和大的脑容量始终掌握了任务的最低天数，而那些同种模型和较小的脑容量需要不同的，有时是大量的天来掌握任务。我们发现了间接证据，表明身体状况可能对激励乌鸦完成任务也很重要。拥有同种模型的乌鸦最初解决任务的可能性并不比那些在没有社会信息的情况下解决难题的乌鸦高，但那些掌握任务的乌鸦通常会复制知识渊博的邻居最常展示的方法。这些发现表明，大脑容量和身体状况可能是学习新任务的因素，乌鸦可以利用社会学习来提高获得新食物来源的能力，尽管它们必须首先学会自己获取食物。
Crows and other birds in the family Corvidae regularly share information to learn the identity and whereabouts of dangerous predators, but can they use social learning to solve a novel task for a food reward? Here we examined the factors affecting the ability of 27 wild-caught American crows to solve a common string-pulling task in a laboratory setting. We split crows into two groups; one group was given the task after repeatedly observing a conspecific model the solution, the other solved in the absence of conspecific models. We recorded the crows’ estimated age, sex, size, body condition, level of nervousness, and brain volume using DICOM images from a CT scan. Although none of these variables were statistically significant, crows without a conspecific model and large brain volumes consistently mastered the task in the minimum number of days, whereas those with conspecific models and smaller brain volumes required varying and sometimes a substantial number of days to master the task. We found indirect evidence that body condition might also be important for motivating crows to solve the task. Crows with conspecific models were no more likely to initially solve the task than those working the puzzle without social information, but those that mastered the task usually copied the method most frequently demonstrated by their knowledgeable neighbors. These findings suggest that brain volume and possibly body condition may be factors in learning new tasks, and that crows can use social learning to refine their ability to obtain a novel food source, although they must initially learn to access it themselves.
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DOI：
10.1676/0043-5643(2000)112
发表时间：
2000-09-01
期刊：
WILSON BULLETIN
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fischer, JB;Griffin, CR
通讯作者：
Griffin, CR
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Cauchard, Laure;Boogert, Neeltje J.;Doligez, Blandine
通讯作者：
Doligez, Blandine
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1010356107
发表时间：
2010-09-07
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Collins, Christine E.;Airey, David C.;Kaas, Jon H.
通讯作者：
Kaas, Jon H.
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2006.1992
发表时间：
2007-04-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Clayton, Nicola S.;Dally, Joanna M.;Emery, Nathan J.
通讯作者：
Emery, Nathan J.
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Birch, Herbert G.
通讯作者：
Birch, Herbert G.