Salt Appetite, and the Influence of Opioids
Salt Appetite, and the Influence of Opioids
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盐食欲和阿片类药物的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s11064-017-2336-3
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
A. Lawrence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craig M. Smith;A. Lawrence
由于钠的生物学重要性及其在许多自然环境中的相对稀缺性，“盐食欲”已经进化，因此饮食盐受到高度追捧，并且在品尝时美味可口。除了外周反应外，还通过室周器官和11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶2型（HSD 2）神经元在脑内检测到盐消耗，以增加盐食欲。盐的食欲包括两个主要组成部分。一个组成部分是盐的激励突出性或动机（即“想要”多少盐）。激励显著性是动态的，在很大程度上取决于内部稳态条件结合相关线索的检测。它涉及中脑边缘系统和中央杏仁核等结构，这些区域内的阿片类信号可以增加啮齿动物的盐摄入量。第二个关键特征是盐在品尝时的享乐适口性（即“喜欢”的程度）。在舌头上检测之后，味觉信息通过脑干孤束核和丘脑，然后在味觉大脑皮层内被有意识地检测到。这种刺激的积极或消极的享乐价值也是动态的，并由一个网络编码，包括延髓核，腹侧苍白球，外侧臂旁核。这些区域内的阿片样物质信号可以改变盐的摄入量和“喜好”。膳食盐的过度消费可能导致高血压和相关疾病，因此进一步表征阿片类信号传导所起的作用对人类健康具有重要意义。
Due to the biological importance of sodium and its relative scarcity within many natural environments, ‘salt appetite’ has evolved whereby dietary salt is highly sought after and palatable when tasted. In addition to peripheral responses, salt depletion is detected within the brain via circumventricular organs and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2) neurons to increase salt appetite. Salt appetite is comprised of two main components. One component is the incentive salience or motivation for salt (i.e. how much salt is ‘wanted’). Incentive salience is dynamic and largely depends on internal homeostatic conditions in combination with the detection of relevant cues. It involves the mesolimbic system and structures such as the central amygdala, and opioid signalling within these regions can increase salt intake in rodents. A second key feature is the hedonic palatability of salt (i.e. how much it is ‘liked’) when it is tasted. After detection on the tongue, gustatory information passes through the brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract and thalamus, before being consciously detected within the gustatory cerebral cortex. The positive or negative hedonic value of this stimulus is also dynamic, and is encoded by a network including the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and lateral parabrachial nucleus. Opioid signalling within these areas can alter salt intake, and ‘liking’. The overconsumption of dietary salt likely contributes to hypertension and associated diseases, and hence further characterising the role played by opioid signalling has important implications for human health.
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影响因子：
16.4
作者：
Berridge, Kent C.;Robinson, Terry E.
通讯作者：
Robinson, Terry E.
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.00251.2012
发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Menani, Jose V.;De Luca, Laurival A., Jr.;Johnson, Alan Kim
通讯作者：
Johnson, Alan Kim
DOI：
10.1097/00008877-200409000-00094
发表时间：
2004-09
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Peciña;B. Cagniard;K. Berridge;J. Aldridge;X. Zhuang
通讯作者：
S. Peciña;B. Cagniard;K. Berridge;J. Aldridge;X. Zhuang
影响因子：
4
作者：
Berridge, Kent C.;Robinson, Terry E.;Aldridge, J. Wayne
通讯作者：
Aldridge, J. Wayne
DOI：
10.1152/ajpregu.00391.2006
发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Geerling, Joel C.;Loewy, Arthur D.
通讯作者：
Loewy, Arthur D.