Liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction.
Liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction.
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DOI：
10.1037/amp0000059
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Robinson, Terry E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berridge, Kent C.;Robinson, Terry E.
奖励是“喜欢”和“想要”，这两个词似乎几乎可以互换。然而，调节“想要”特定奖励的心理过程的大脑回路与调节“喜欢”程度的大脑回路是分离的。激励凸显或“想要”，是一种激励形式，是由包括中脑边缘多巴胺在内的庞大而强大的神经系统产生的。相比之下，“喜欢”，或者奖励消费的实际愉悦影响，是由较小而脆弱的神经系统介导的，并且不依赖于多巴胺。激励-敏感理论认为，药物成瘾的本质是心理“欲望”的过度放大，特别是由线索引发的，而不一定是“喜欢”的放大。这是由于易感个体的多巴胺相关动机系统的长期变化，称为神经敏化。在其提出后的四分之一个世纪里，支持激励敏感化理论的证据不断增加。此外，它的范围现在正在扩大，包括各种行为成瘾和其他精神病理学。
Rewards are both ‘liked’ and ‘wanted’, and those two words seem almost interchangeable. However, the brain circuitry that mediates the psychological process of ‘wanting’ a particular reward is dissociable from circuitry that mediates the degree to which it is ‘liked’. Incentive salience or ‘wanting’, a form of motivation, is generated by large and robust neural systems that include mesolimbic dopamine. By comparison, ‘liking’, or the actual pleasurable impact of reward consumption, is mediated by smaller and fragile neural systems, and is not dependent on dopamine. The incentive-sensitization theory posits the essence of drug addiction to be excessive amplification specifically of psychological ‘wanting’, especially triggered by cues, without necessarily an amplification of ‘liking’. This is due to long-lasting changes in dopamine-related motivation systems of susceptible individuals, called neural sensitization. A quarter-century after its proposal, evidence has continued to grow in support the incentive-sensitization theory. Further, its scope is now expanding to include diverse behavioral addictions and other psychopathologies.
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期刊：
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